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@jboner
jboner / latency.txt
Last active September 13, 2026 12:51
Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know
Latency Comparison Numbers (~2012)
----------------------------------
L1 cache reference 0.5 ns
Branch mispredict 5 ns
L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache
Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns
Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 3,000 ns 3 us
Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us
Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD
@keturn
keturn / loopback-latency.sh
Created August 20, 2010 22:35
use netem to add latency to loopback network traffic
#!/bin/bash
#
# Add latency to all outgoing traffic on $DEV on tcp/udp $PORT,
# in the amount of $DELAY.
#
# This is matching on both source port and destination port, which
# may hit you twice if you're accessing a local resource.
#
# To see what's currently in effect,
# tc -s qdisc show dev lo