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Assistance4u/WebScraping_Review_Lab.ipynb

Created May 5, 2021 19:18
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WebScraping_Review_Lab.ipynb
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<center>\n",
" <img src=\"https://gitlab.com/ibm/skills-network/courses/placeholder101/-/raw/master/labs/module%201/images/IDSNlogo.png\" width=\"300\" alt=\"cognitiveclass.ai logo\" />\n",
"</center>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# **Web Scraping Lab**\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Estimated time needed: **30** minutes\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Objectives\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"After completing this lab you will be able to:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h2>Table of Contents</h2>\n",
"<div class=\"alert alert-block alert-info\" style=\"margin-top: 20px\">\n",
" <ul>\n",
" <li>\n",
" <a href=\"BSO\">Beautiful Soup Object</a>\n",
" <ul>\n",
" <li>Tag</li>\n",
" <li>Children, Parents, and Siblings</li>\n",
" <li>HTML Attributes</li>\n",
" <li>Navigable String</li>\n",
" </ul>\n",
" </li>\n",
" </ul>\n",
" <ul>\n",
" <li>\n",
" <a href=\"filter\">Filter</a>\n",
" <ul>\n",
" <li>find All</li>\n",
" <li>find </li>\n",
" <li>HTML Attributes</li>\n",
" <li>Navigable String</li>\n",
" </ul>\n",
" </li>\n",
" </ul>\n",
" <ul>\n",
" <li>\n",
" <a href=\"DSCW\">Downloading And Scraping The Contents Of A Web</a>\n",
" </li>\n",
" </ul>\n",
" <p>\n",
" Estimated time needed: <strong>25 min</strong>\n",
" </p>\n",
" \n",
"</div>\n",
"\n",
"<hr>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"For this lab, we are going to be using Python and several Python libraries. Some of these libraries might be installed in your lab environment or in SN Labs. Others may need to be installed by you. The cells below will install these libraries when executed.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Collecting bs4\n",
" Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/10/ed/7e8b97591f6f456174139ec089c769f89a94a1a4025fe967691de971f314/bs4-0.0.1.tar.gz\n",
"Collecting beautifulsoup4 (from bs4)\n",
"\u001b[?25l Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/41/e6495bd7d3781cee623ce23ea6ac73282a373088fcd0ddc809a047b18eae/beautifulsoup4-4.9.3-py3-none-any.whl (115kB)\n",
"\u001b[K |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 1.0MB/s eta 0:00:01\n",
"\u001b[?25hCollecting soupsieve>1.2; python_version >= \"3.0\" (from beautifulsoup4->bs4)\n",
" Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/69/d82d04022f02733bf9a72bc3b96332d360c0c5307096d76f6bb7489f7e57/soupsieve-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl\n",
"Building wheels for collected packages: bs4\n",
" Building wheel for bs4 (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25ldone\n",
"\u001b[?25h Stored in directory: /home/jupyterlab/.cache/pip/wheels/a0/b0/b2/4f80b9456b87abedbc0bf2d52235414c3467d8889be38dd472\n",
"Successfully built bs4\n",
"Installing collected packages: soupsieve, beautifulsoup4, bs4\n",
"Successfully installed beautifulsoup4-4.9.3 bs4-0.0.1 soupsieve-2.2.1\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"!pip install bs4\n",
"#!pip install requests"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Import the required modules and functions\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # this module helps in web scrapping.\n",
"import requests # this module helps us to download a web page"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h2 id=\"BSO\">Beautiful Soup Objects</h2>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Beautiful Soup is a Python library for pulling data out of HTML and XML files, we will focus on HTML files. This is accomplished by representing the HTML as a set of objects with methods used to parse the HTML. We can navigate the HTML as a tree and/or filter out what we are looking for. \n",
"\n",
"Consider the following HTML:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
"<html>\n",
"<head>\n",
"<title>Page Title</title>\n",
"</head>\n",
"<body>\n",
"<h3><b id='boldest'>Lebron James</b></h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $ 92,000,000 </p>\n",
"<h3> Stephen Curry</h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $85,000, 000 </p>\n",
"<h3> Kevin Durant </h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $73,200, 000</p>\n",
"</body>\n",
"</html>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%html\n",
"<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
"<html>\n",
"<head>\n",
"<title>Page Title</title>\n",
"</head>\n",
"<body>\n",
"<h3><b id='boldest'>Lebron James</b></h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $ 92,000,000 </p>\n",
"<h3> Stephen Curry</h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $85,000, 000 </p>\n",
"<h3> Kevin Durant </h3>\n",
"<p> Salary: $73,200, 000</p>\n",
"</body>\n",
"</html>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can store it as a string in the variable HTML:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"html=\"<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Page Title</title></head><body><h3><b id='boldest'>Lebron James</b></h3><p> Salary: $ 92,000,000 </p><h3> Stephen Curry</h3><p> Salary: $85,000, 000 </p><h3> Kevin Durant </h3><p> Salary: $73,200, 000</p></body></html>\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To parse a document, pass it into the <code>BeautifulSoup</code> constructor, the <code>BeautifulSoup</code> object, which represents the document as a nested data structure:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html5lib')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"First, the document is converted to Unicode, (similar to ASCII), and HTML entities are converted to Unicode characters. Beautiful Soup transforms a complex HTML document into a complex tree of Python objects. The <code>BeautifulSoup</code> object can create other types of objects. In this lab, we will cover <code>BeautifulSoup</code> and <code>Tag</code> objects that for the purposes of this lab are identical, and <code>NavigableString</code> objects.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can use the method <code>prettify()</code> to display the HTML in the nested structure:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
"<html>\n",
" <head>\n",
" <title>\n",
" Page Title\n",
" </title>\n",
" </head>\n",
" <body>\n",
" <h3>\n",
" <b id=\"boldest\">\n",
" Lebron James\n",
" </b>\n",
" </h3>\n",
" <p>\n",
" Salary: $ 92,000,000\n",
" </p>\n",
" <h3>\n",
" Stephen Curry\n",
" </h3>\n",
" <p>\n",
" Salary: $85,000, 000\n",
" </p>\n",
" <h3>\n",
" Kevin Durant\n",
" </h3>\n",
" <p>\n",
" Salary: $73,200, 000\n",
" </p>\n",
" </body>\n",
"</html>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(soup.prettify())"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Tags\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's say we want the title of the page and the name of the top paid player we can use the <code>Tag</code>. The <code>Tag</code> object corresponds to an HTML tag in the original document, for example, the tag title.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"tag object: <title>Page Title</title>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"tag_object=soup.title\n",
"print(\"tag object:\",tag_object)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"we can see the tag type <code>bs4.element.Tag</code>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"tag object type: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(\"tag object type:\",type(tag_object))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If there is more than one <code>Tag</code> with the same name, the first element with that <code>Tag</code> name is called, this corresponds to the most paid player: \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<h3><b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b></h3>"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_object=soup.h3\n",
"tag_object"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Enclosed in the bold attribute <code>b</code>, it helps to use the tree representation. We can navigate down the tree using the child attribute to get the name. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Children, Parents, and Siblings\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"As stated above the <code>Tag</code> object is a tree of objects we can access the child of the tag or navigate down the branch as follows:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b>"
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_child =tag_object.b\n",
"tag_child"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"You can access the parent with the <code> parent</code>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<h3><b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b></h3>"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"parent_tag=tag_child.parent\n",
"parent_tag"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"this is identical to \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<h3><b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b></h3>"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_object"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<code>tag_object</code> parent is the <code>body</code> element.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<body><h3><b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b></h3><p> Salary: $ 92,000,000 </p><h3> Stephen Curry</h3><p> Salary: $85,000, 000 </p><h3> Kevin Durant </h3><p> Salary: $73,200, 000</p></body>"
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_object.parent"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<code>tag_object</code> sibling is the <code>paragraph</code> element\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<p> Salary: $ 92,000,000 </p>"
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sibling_1=tag_object.next_sibling\n",
"sibling_1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"`sibling_2` is the `header` element which is also a sibling of both `sibling_1` and `tag_object`\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<h3> Stephen Curry</h3>"
]
},
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sibling_2=sibling_1.next_sibling\n",
"sibling_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3 id=\"first_question\">Exercise: <code>next_sibling</code></h3>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Using the object <code>sibling_2</code> and the method <code>next_sibling</code> to find the salary of Stephen Curry:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<h3> Stephen Curry</h3>"
]
},
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sibling_2=sibling_1.next_sibling\n",
"sibling_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<details><summary>Click here for the solution</summary>\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"sibling_2.next_sibling\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"</details>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### HTML Attributes\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If the tag has attributes, the tag <code>id=\"boldest\"</code> has an attribute <code>id</code> whose value is <code>boldest</code>. You can access a tag’s attributes by treating the tag like a dictionary:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'boldest'"
]
},
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_child['id']"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"You can access that dictionary directly as <code>attrs</code>:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{'id': 'boldest'}"
]
},
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_child.attrs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"You can also work with Multi-valued attribute check out <a href=\"https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/\">[1]</a> for more.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can also obtain the content if the attribute of the <code>tag</code> using the Python <code>get()</code> method.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'boldest'"
]
},
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_child.get('id')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Navigable String\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"A string corresponds to a bit of text or content within a tag. Beautiful Soup uses the <code>NavigableString</code> class to contain this text. In our HTML we can obtain the name of the first player by extracting the sting of the <code>Tag</code> object <code>tag_child</code> as follows:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Lebron James'"
]
},
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"tag_string=tag_child.string\n",
"tag_string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"we can verify the type is Navigable String\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"bs4.element.NavigableString"
]
},
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(tag_string)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"A NavigableString is just like a Python string or Unicode string, to be more precise. The main difference is that it also supports some <code>BeautifulSoup</code> features. We can covert it to sting object in Python:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 37,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Lebron James'"
]
},
"execution_count": 37,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"unicode_string = str(tag_string)\n",
"unicode_string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h2 id=\"filter\">Filter</h2>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Filters allow you to find complex patterns, the simplest filter is a string. In this section we will pass a string to a different filter method and Beautiful Soup will perform a match against that exact string. Consider the following HTML of rocket launchs:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td id='flight' >Flight No</td>\n",
" <td>Launch site</td> \n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr> \n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida</a></td>\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas'>Texas</a></td>\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida<a> </td>\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%html\n",
"<table>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td id='flight' >Flight No</td>\n",
" <td>Launch site</td> \n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr> \n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida</a></td>\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas'>Texas</a></td>\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida<a> </td>\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"</table>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can store it as a string in the variable <code>table</code>:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 39,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"table=\"<table><tr><td id='flight'>Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida<a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas'>Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida'>Florida<a> </td><td>80 kg</td></tr></table>\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<html><head></head><body><table><tbody><tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr></tbody></table></body></html>"
]
},
"execution_count": 41,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_bs = BeautifulSoup(table, 'html5lib')\n",
"table_bs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## find All\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The <code>find_all()</code> method looks through a tag’s descendants and retrieves all descendants that match your filters. \n",
"\n",
"<p>\n",
"The Method signature for <code>find_all(name, attrs, recursive, string, limit, **kwargs)<c/ode>\n",
"</p>\n",
" \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Name\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"When we set the <code>name</code> parameter to a tag name, the method will extract all the tags with that name and its children.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr>,\n",
" <tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 42,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_rows=table_bs.find_all('tr')\n",
"table_rows"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The result is a Python Iterable just like a list, each element is a <code>tag</code> object:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr>"
]
},
"execution_count": 43,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"first_row =table_rows[0]\n",
"first_row"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The type is <code>tag</code>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 44,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(type(first_row))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"we can obtain the child \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td>"
]
},
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"first_row.td"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If we iterate through the list, each element corresponds to a row in the table:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"row 0 is <tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr>\n",
"row 1 is <tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr>\n",
"row 2 is <tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr>\n",
"row 3 is <tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for i,row in enumerate(table_rows):\n",
" print(\"row\",i,\"is\",row)\n",
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"As <code>row</code> is a <code>cell</code> object, we can apply the method <code>find_all</code> to it and extract table cells in the object <code>cells</code> using the tag <code>td</code>, this is all the children with the name <code>td</code>. The result is a list, each element corresponds to a cell and is a <code>Tag</code> object, we can iterate through this list as well. We can extract the content using the <code>string</code> attribute.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"row 0\n",
"colunm 0 cell <td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td>\n",
"colunm 1 cell <td>Launch site</td>\n",
"colunm 2 cell <td>Payload mass</td>\n",
"row 1\n",
"colunm 0 cell <td>1</td>\n",
"colunm 1 cell <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td>\n",
"colunm 2 cell <td>300 kg</td>\n",
"row 2\n",
"colunm 0 cell <td>2</td>\n",
"colunm 1 cell <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td>\n",
"colunm 2 cell <td>94 kg</td>\n",
"row 3\n",
"colunm 0 cell <td>3</td>\n",
"colunm 1 cell <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td>\n",
"colunm 2 cell <td>80 kg</td>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for i,row in enumerate(table_rows):\n",
" print(\"row\",i)\n",
" cells=row.find_all('td')\n",
" for j,cell in enumerate(cells):\n",
" print('colunm',j,\"cell\",cell)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If we use a list we can match against any item in that list.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr>,\n",
" <td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td>,\n",
" <td>Launch site</td>,\n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>,\n",
" <tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>1</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td>,\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>,\n",
" <tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>2</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td>,\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>,\n",
" <tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>3</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td>,\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"list_input=table_bs .find_all(name=[\"tr\", \"td\"])\n",
"list_input"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Attributes\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If the argument is not recognized it will be turned into a filter on the tag’s attributes. For example the <code>id</code> argument, Beautiful Soup will filter against each tag’s <code>id</code> attribute. For example, the first <code>td</code> elements have a value of <code>id</code> of <code>flight</code>, therefore we can filter based on that <code>id</code> value. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_bs.find_all(id=\"flight\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can find all the elements that have links to the Florida Wikipedia page:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a>,\n",
" <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"list_input=table_bs.find_all(href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\")\n",
"list_input"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If we set the <code>href</code> attribute to True, regardless of what the value is, the code finds all tags with <code>href</code> value:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a>,\n",
" <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a>,\n",
" <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_bs.find_all(href=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"There are other methods for dealing with attributes and other related methods; Check out the following <a href='https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#css-selectors'>link</a>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3 id=\"exer_type\">Exercise: <code>find_all</code></h3>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Using the logic above, find all the elements without <code>href</code> value \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 54,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<html><head></head><body><table><tbody><tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr></tbody></table></body></html>,\n",
" <head></head>,\n",
" <body><table><tbody><tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr></tbody></table></body>,\n",
" <table><tbody><tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <tbody><tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr></tbody>,\n",
" <tr><td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr>,\n",
" <td id=\"flight\">Flight No</td>,\n",
" <td>Launch site</td>,\n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>,\n",
" <tr> <td>1</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td><td>300 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>1</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a></a></td>,\n",
" <a></a>,\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>,\n",
" <tr><td>2</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td><td>94 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>2</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas\">Texas</a></td>,\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>,\n",
" <tr><td>3</td><td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td><td>80 kg</td></tr>,\n",
" <td>3</td>,\n",
" <td><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida\">Florida</a><a> </a></td>,\n",
" <a> </a>,\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 54,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_bs.find_all(href=False)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<details><summary>Click here for the solution</summary>\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"table_bs.find_all(href=False)\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"</details>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Using the soup object <code>soup</code>, find the element with the <code>id</code> attribute content set to <code>\"boldest\"</code>. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<b id=\"boldest\">Lebron James</b>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"soup.find_all(id=\"boldest\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<details><summary>Click here for the solution</summary>\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"soup.find_all(id=\"boldest\")\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"</details>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### string\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"With string you can search for strings instead of tags, where we find all the elments with Florida:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"['Florida', 'Florida']"
]
},
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"table_bs.find_all(string=\"Florida\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## find\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The <code>find_all()</code> method scans the entire document looking for results, it’s if you are looking for one element you can use the <code>find()</code> method to find the first element in the document. Consider the following two table:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<h3>Rocket Launch </h3>\n",
"\n",
"<p>\n",
"<table class='rocket'>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Flight No</td>\n",
" <td>Launch site</td> \n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Florida</td>\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Texas</td>\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Florida </td>\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</p>\n",
"<p>\n",
"\n",
"<h3>Pizza Party </h3>\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"<table class='pizza'>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Pizza Place</td>\n",
" <td>Orders</td> \n",
" <td>Slices </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Domino's Pizza</td>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>100</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Little Caesars</td>\n",
" <td>12</td>\n",
" <td >144 </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Papa John's </td>\n",
" <td>15 </td>\n",
" <td>165</td>\n",
" </tr>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"%%html\n",
"<h3>Rocket Launch </h3>\n",
"\n",
"<p>\n",
"<table class='rocket'>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Flight No</td>\n",
" <td>Launch site</td> \n",
" <td>Payload mass</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Florida</td>\n",
" <td>300 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Texas</td>\n",
" <td>94 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Florida </td>\n",
" <td>80 kg</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</p>\n",
"<p>\n",
"\n",
"<h3>Pizza Party </h3>\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"<table class='pizza'>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Pizza Place</td>\n",
" <td>Orders</td> \n",
" <td>Slices </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Domino's Pizza</td>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>100</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Little Caesars</td>\n",
" <td>12</td>\n",
" <td >144 </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Papa John's </td>\n",
" <td>15 </td>\n",
" <td>165</td>\n",
" </tr>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We store the HTML as a Python string and assign <code>two_tables</code>:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"<h3>Rocket Launch </h3><p><table class='rocket'><tr><td>Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Florida</td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Texas</td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Florida </td><td>80 kg</td></tr></table></p><p><h3>Pizza Party </h3><table class='pizza'><tr><td>Pizza Place</td><td>Orders</td> <td>Slices </td></tr><tr><td>Domino's Pizza</td><td>10</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Little Caesars</td><td>12</td><td >144 </td></tr><tr><td>Papa John's </td><td>15 </td><td>165</td></tr>\""
]
},
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"two_tables=\"<h3>Rocket Launch </h3><p><table class='rocket'><tr><td>Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Florida</td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Texas</td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Florida </td><td>80 kg</td></tr></table></p><p><h3>Pizza Party </h3><table class='pizza'><tr><td>Pizza Place</td><td>Orders</td> <td>Slices </td></tr><tr><td>Domino's Pizza</td><td>10</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Little Caesars</td><td>12</td><td >144 </td></tr><tr><td>Papa John's </td><td>15 </td><td>165</td></tr>\"\n",
"two_tables"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We create a <code>BeautifulSoup</code> object <code>two_tables_bs</code>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"two_tables_bs= BeautifulSoup(two_tables, 'html.parser')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can find the first table using the tag name table\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<table class=\"rocket\"><tr><td>Flight No</td><td>Launch site</td> <td>Payload mass</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Florida</td><td>300 kg</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Texas</td><td>94 kg</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Florida </td><td>80 kg</td></tr></table>"
]
},
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"two_tables_bs.find(\"table\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can filter on the class attribute to find the second table, but because class is a keyword in Python, we add an underscore.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<table class=\"pizza\"><tr><td>Pizza Place</td><td>Orders</td> <td>Slices </td></tr><tr><td>Domino's Pizza</td><td>10</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Little Caesars</td><td>12</td><td>144 </td></tr><tr><td>Papa John's </td><td>15 </td><td>165</td></tr></table>"
]
},
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"two_tables_bs.find(\"table\",class_='pizza')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h2 id=\"DSCW\">Downloading And Scraping The Contents Of A Web Page</h2> \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We Download the contents of the web page:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 63,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"url = \"http://www.ibm.com\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We use <code>get</code> to download the contents of the webpage in text format and store in a variable called <code>data</code>:\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=\"en-US\"><head><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width\"/><meta charSet=\"utf-8\"/><title>IBM - United States</title><link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/\"/><meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index,follow\"/><meta name=\"description\" content=\"For more than a century IBM has been dedicated to every client&#x27;s success and to creating innovations that matter for the world\"/><meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"IBM\"/><meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=Edge\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Cache-Control\" content=\"no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Pragma\" content=\"no-cache\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Expires\" content=\"0\"/><link rel=\"icon\" href=\"//www.ibm.com/favicon.ico\"/><meta name=\"ibmdotcom.version.react\" content=\"^1.16.1\"/><meta name=\"ibmdotcom.version.styles\" content=\"^1.16.0\"/><meta name=\"ibmdotcom.build.time\" content=\"2021-05-04T13:18:55.046Z\"/><meta name=\"dcterms.date\" content=\"2015-10-01\"/><meta name=\"dcterms.rights\" content=\"© Copyright IBM Corp. 2020\"/><meta name=\"geo.country\" content=\"US\"/><script>digitalData={\"page\":{\"category\":{\"primaryCategory\":\"SB03\"},\"pageInfo\":{\"effectiveDate\":\"2015-10-01\",\"expiryDate\":\"2020-12-18\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"publishDate\":\"2015-10-01\",\"publisher\":\"IBM Corporation\",\"version\":\"Carbon:IBM.com Library v1.16.1\",\"ibm\":{\"contentDelivery\":\"Hand coded\",\"contentProducer\":\"Lance Tappana\",\"country\":\"US\",\"industry\":\"ZZ\",\"owner\":\"Corporate Webmaster/New York/IBM\",\"siteID\":\"GLOBAL\",\"subject\":\"IBM000\",\"type\":\"CT052\",\"messaging\":{\"routing\":{\"focusArea\":\"Miscellaneous - Cross IBM\",\"languageCode\":\"en\",\"regionCode\":\"US\"},\"translation\":{\"languageCode\":\"en\",\"regionCode\":\"US\"}}},\"hotjar\":{\"enabled\":0}}}};</script><script>\\n window.hj=window.hj||function(){(hj.q=hj.q||[]).push(arguments)};\\n document.addEventListener(\\'onMegaMenuToggle\\', e => {\\n if(e.target.getAttribute(\"data-title\") == \\'products-solutions\\') {\\n window.hj(\\'trigger\\', \\'MM_products-solutions\\');\\n }\\n if(e.target.getAttribute(\"data-title\") == \\'services-consulting\\') {\\n window.hj(\\'trigger\\', \\'MM_services-consulting\\');\\n }\\n if(e.target.getAttribute(\"data-title\") == \\'learn-support\\') {\\n window.hj(\\'trigger\\', \\'MM_learn-support\\');\\n }\\n if(e.target.getAttribute(\"data-title\") == \\'explore-more\\') {\\n window.hj(\\'trigger\\', \\'MM_explore-more\\');\\n }\\n });\\n\\n </script><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-us\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"x-default\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-af\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/af-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-dz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/dz-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"pt-ao\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ao-pt\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ai\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ai-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ag\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ag-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-ar\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ar-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-aw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/aw-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-au\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/au-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"de-at\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/at-de\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bs\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bs-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bh\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bh-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bd\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bd-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bb\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bb-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-be\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/be-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bm\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bm-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-bo\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bo-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bw-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"pt-br\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/br-pt\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-vg\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/vg-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bn-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-bg\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bg-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-bf\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/bf-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-kh\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/kh-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-cm\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cm-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ca\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ca-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-ca\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ca-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ky\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ky-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-td\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/td-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-cl\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cl-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"zh-cn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cn-zh\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-co\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/co-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-cd\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cd-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-cg\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cg-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-cr\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cr-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-hr\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/hr-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-cw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cw-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-cy\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cy-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-cz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cz-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-dm\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/dm-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-dk\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/dk-en\"/><link 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href=\"https://www.ibm.com/hk-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-hu\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/hu-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-in\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/in-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-id\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/id-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-iq\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/iq-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ie\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ie-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-il\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/il-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"it-it\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/it-it\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-ci\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ci-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-jm\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/jm-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"ja-jp\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/jp-ja\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-jo\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/jo-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-kz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/kz-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ke\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ke-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"ko-kr\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/kr-ko\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-kw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/kw-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-lv\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/lv-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-lb\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/lb-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ly\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ly-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-lt\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/lt-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-mw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mw-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-my\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/my-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-mu\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mu-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-mx\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mx-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ms\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ms-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-ma\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ma-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"pt-mz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/mz-pt\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-na\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/na-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-np\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/np-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-nl\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/nl-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-nz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/nz-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-ne\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ne-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ng\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ng-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-no\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/no-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-om\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/om-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-pk\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/pk-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-py\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/py-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-pe\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/pe-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ph\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ph-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"pl-pl\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/pl-pl\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-pt\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/pt-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-qa\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/qa-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ro\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ro-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"ru-ru\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ru-ru\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-kn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/kn-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-lc\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/lc-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-vc\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/vc-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-sa\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sa-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-sn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sn-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-rs\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/rs-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-sc\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sc-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-sl\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sl-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-sg\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sg-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-sk\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sk-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-si\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/si-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-za\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/za-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-es\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/es-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-lk\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/lk-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-sr\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/sr-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-se\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/se-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-ch\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ch-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"de-ch\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ch-de\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"zh-tw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tw-zh\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-tz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tz-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-th\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/th-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-tt\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tt-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"fr-tn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tn-fr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"tr-tr\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tr-tr\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ye\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ye-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-tc\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/tc-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ua\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ua-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ug\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ug-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-ae\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ae-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-gb\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/uk-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-uy\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/uy-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-uz\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/uz-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"es-ve\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/ve-es\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-vn\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/vn-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-zm\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/zm-en\"/><link rel=\"alternate\" hrefLang=\"en-zw\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/zw-en\"/><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/90/94/20210426-think2021-registration-25856-720x360.jpg\"/><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/66/65/20210503-hybrid-cloud-services-25868-444-320.jpg\"/><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/f5/b4/20210503-tailored-pricing-for-IBM-Z-25846-444x320.jpg\"/><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" 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Only one knows how to understand&nbsp;it.\\n</p></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner cta ibm-pt-2 ibm-pb-2\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-01 ibm-nospacing\"><span class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade ibm-ab-cta\">See why 95&percnt; of customers don&#8217;t need an agent if they meet Watson&nbsp;Assistant</span></p></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"ibm-cci__gray-background\" style=\"background-color:#F2F4F8\"><div id=\"ibm-trials-row\" class=\"bx--grid ibm-4-cards\"><div class=\"bx--row ibm-mb-4\"><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-16\"><h2 class=\"bx--type-expressive-heading-03 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-2 ibm-pt-4\">Explore product trials and offers</h2><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/products/offers-and-discounts?link=ushpv18t5&amp;lnk2=trial_mktpl_MPDISC\">See current deals</a></div></div><div class=\"bx--row\"><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-4 bx--col-lg-4 featured-card trials \"><a class=\"ibm-blocklink ibm-no-border ibm-ab-link\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/turbonomic?lnk=ushpv18t1&amp;lnk2=trial_Turbo&amp;psrc=none&amp;pexp=def\" id=\"ibm-cci__trial-1\"><div class=\"ibm-card ibm-fullwidth ibm-card--noborder ibm-flex ibm-flex--column\"><div class=\"ibm-card__content ibm-nospacing\"><div style=\"display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0\"><div style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%\"><img style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\"/></div><noscript><img alt=\"IBM and Turbonomic\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/c1/62/ai-powered-automation-trial-444x254.png\" decoding=\"async\" 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style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/></div></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner copy\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-type-semibold ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-0 ibm-pt-2 ibm-ab-eyebrow\">IBM Observability by Instana</p><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-2 ibm-ab-copy\">Increase observability with APM monitoring technology</p></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner cta ibm-pt-2 ibm-pb-2\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-01 ibm-nospacing\"><span class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade ibm-ab-cta\">Start your free trial</span></p></div></div></a></div><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-4 bx--col-lg-4 featured-card trials \"><a class=\"ibm-blocklink ibm-no-border ibm-ab-link\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/cloud-pak-for-watson-aiops?lnk=ushpv18t3&amp;lnk2=trial_CloudPakAIOps&amp;psrc=none&amp;pexp=def\" id=\"ibm-cci__trial-3\"><div class=\"ibm-card ibm-fullwidth ibm-card--noborder ibm-flex ibm-flex--column\"><div class=\"ibm-card__content ibm-nospacing\"><div style=\"display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0\"><div style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%\"><img style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\"/></div><noscript><img alt=\" IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/8e/e8/watson-aiops-trial-444x254.png\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\"/></noscript><img alt=\" IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/></div></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner copy\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-type-semibold ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-0 ibm-pt-2 ibm-ab-eyebrow\"> IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps</p><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-2 ibm-ab-copy\">Build better outcomes with AIOps and enterprise observability</p></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner cta ibm-pt-2 ibm-pb-2\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-01 ibm-nospacing\"><span class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade ibm-ab-cta\">See the demo</span></p></div></div></a></div><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-4 bx--col-lg-4 featured-card trials \"><a class=\"ibm-blocklink ibm-no-border ibm-ab-link\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/products/cloud-pak-for-data?lnk=ushpv18t4&amp;lnk2=trial_CloudPakData&amp;psrc=none&amp;pexp=def\" id=\"ibm-cci__trial-4\"><div class=\"ibm-card ibm-fullwidth ibm-card--noborder ibm-flex ibm-flex--column\"><div class=\"ibm-card__content ibm-nospacing\"><div style=\"display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0\"><div style=\"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%\"><img style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\"/></div><noscript><img alt=\"IBM Cloud Pak for Data\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/2e/18/Cloud-Pak-for-Data-22396-700x420.png\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\"/></noscript><img alt=\"IBM Cloud Pak for Data\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/></div></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner copy\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-type-semibold ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-0 ibm-pt-2 ibm-ab-eyebrow\">IBM Cloud Pak for Data</p><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-2 ibm-ab-copy\">Accelerate your journey to AI with a cloudâ\\x80\\x91native data platform</p></div><div class=\"ibm-card__content-inner cta ibm-pt-2 ibm-pb-2\"><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-01 ibm-nospacing\"><span class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade ibm-ab-cta\">Try it free</span></p></div></div></a></div></div></div></div><section id=\"ibm-tech-section-a\" aria-labelledby=\"ibm-tech-row-title\" class=\"ibm-background-white-core ibm-tech-section visible\"><div class=\"bx--grid\"><div class=\"bx--row\"><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-4\"><h2 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bx--tableofcontents__desktop__item--active\"><a tabindex=\"0\">Tools for developers</a></li><li class=\"bx--tableofcontents__desktop__item \"><a tabindex=\"0\">Tools for business</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-3 percent-25\"><div class=\"bx--link-list\" data-autoid=\"dds--link-list\"><h4 class=\"bx--link-list__heading\"></h4><ul class=\"bx--link-list__list bx--link-list__list--card\"><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Build smart and secure applications on hybrid cloud\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://developer.ibm.com/depmodels/cloud/?lnk=ushpv18ct16\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Cloud</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Build smart and secure applications on hybrid cloud</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg 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20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"bx--col-sm-0 bx--col-md-0 bx--col-lg-1\"></div><div class=\"bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-3 percent-25\"><div class=\"bx--link-list\" data-autoid=\"dds--link-list\"><h4 class=\"bx--link-list__heading\"></h4><ul class=\"bx--link-list__list bx--link-list__list--card\"><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Find answers quickly for all your IBM products\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en?lnk=ushpv18ct14\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">IBM Documentation</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Find answers quickly for all your IBM products</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Access tech enablement tools at no cost\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/?lnk=ushpv18ct10\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Redbooks</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Access tech enablement tools at no cost</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Download fixes, get documentation or start a ticket\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/support/home/?lnk=ushpv18ct11\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Support</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Download fixes, get documentation or start a ticket</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object 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viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"bx--offset-lg-1 bx--col-lg-4\"><div style=\"position:sticky;top:52px;padding-top:34px\" class=\"trending-col\"><h4 class=\"bx--type-expressive-heading-02 ibm-pb-2 ibm-margin-bottom-0\">Trending in tech</h4><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18ct20\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-hybrid-cloud\">Hybrid cloud</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/public-cloud?lnk=ushpv18ct17\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-public-cloud\">Public cloud</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/redhat?lnk=ushpv18ct13\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-red-hat\">Red Hat</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence?lnk=ushpv18ct3\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-ai\">Artificial intelligence</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18ct18\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-quantum\">Quantum computing</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/kubernetes?lnk=ushpv18ct8\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-kubernetes\">Kubernetes</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics?lnk=ushpv18ct7\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-spss\">SPSS</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18ct1\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-blockchain\">Blockchain</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www-03.ibm.com/employment/technicaltalent/developer/?lnk=ushpv18ct2\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-careers\">Careers</a></h3></div></div></div></div></section><section id=\"ibm-tech-section-b\" aria-labelledby=\"ibm-tech-row-title\" class=\"ibm-background-white-core ibm-tech-section\"><div class=\"bx--grid\"><div class=\"bx--row\"><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-4\"><h2 class=\"bx--type-expressive-heading-03 ibm-pb-2\" style=\"padding-right:10%\">Search for products and services</h2></div><div class=\"bx--col-sm-4 bx--col-md-4 bx--col-lg-8\"><div class=\"ibm-gmktp-search\"><form id=\"ibm-gmktp-search-form-b\" class=\"ibm-row-form\" method=\"get\" action=\"https://www.ibm.com/search?lnk=ushpv18srch&amp;locale=en-us&amp;q=\"><p id=\"ibm__animated-placeholder-0-b\" class=\"ibm-pb-0 ibm__animated-placeholder\"><label for=\"ibm-gmktp-input\" style=\"display:none\">Search term</label><span style=\"display:block\"><input type=\"text\" class=\"tech-search\" size=\"40\" id=\"ibm-gmktp-input-b\" name=\"q\" style=\"width:100%\" placeholder=\"Search IBM\" value=\"\"/></span></p><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/search?lnk=ushpv18srch&amp;locale=en-us&amp;q=\" id=\"ibm-gmktp-search-bttn-b\" class=\"ibm-search-link ibm__linky-skip\"><span>Search IBM</span></a><div class=\"ibm-spinner\" style=\"display:none\"></div></form><div id=\"ibm-gmktp-output-container-b\"><ul class=\"ibm-plain-list ibm-pb-0 output\" id=\"ibm-gmktp-output-b\" role=\"listbox\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-label=\"Use down and up arrow keys to navigate through the results.\"></ul></div></div><p class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-10 ibm-mb-sm-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/products?lnk=ushpv18p1&amp;lnk2=trial_mktpl&amp;psrc=none&amp;pexp=def\" id=\"ibm-homepage-lpsw-see-more-b\">See more products</a></p></div></div><div class=\"bx--row\"><div class=\"bx--col-lg-8 bx--offset-lg-4 ibm-pb-0\"><h2 id=\"ibm-tech-row-title-b\" class=\"bx--type-expressive-heading-03 ibm-pt-1 ibm-pb-0\">Explore trending technologies</h2></div></div><div class=\"bx--row\"><div class=\"bx--col-lg-4 tableofcontents__col\"><div style=\"position:sticky;top:52px;padding-top:20px\" class=\"bx--tableofcontents__sidebar bx--tableofcontents\"><div><ul class=\"bx--tableofcontents__desktop-ul\"><li class=\"bx--tableofcontents__desktop__item bx--tableofcontents__desktop__item--active\"><a tabindex=\"0\">Tools for business</a></li><li class=\"bx--tableofcontents__desktop__item \"><a tabindex=\"0\">Tools for developers</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=\"bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-3 percent-20\"><div class=\"bx--link-list\" data-autoid=\"dds--link-list\"><h4 class=\"bx--link-list__heading\"></h4><ul class=\"bx--link-list__list bx--link-list__list--card\"><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Blend cloud and on-premises resources for flexibility\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18pt14&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Hybrid cloud</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Blend cloud and on-premises resources for flexibility</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Watson is the AI platform for business\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson?lnk=ushpv18pt17&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Watson</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Watson is the AI platform for business</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Bring trust and transparency to every transaction\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/categories?technologyTopics[0][0]=cat.topic:Blockchain&amp;isIBMOffering[0]=true&amp;lnk=ushpv18pt4&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Blockchain</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Bring trust and transparency to every transaction</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Make data simple and accessible\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/category/technology/analytics?lnk=ushpv18pt1&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Data &amp; analytics</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Make data simple and accessible</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Optimize growth to outpace the competition\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/financing?lnk=ushpv18pt3&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Financing</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Optimize growth to outpace the competition</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"bx--col-sm-0 bx--col-md-0 bx--col-lg-1\"></div><div class=\"bx--col-md-8 bx--col-lg-3 percent-20\"><div class=\"bx--link-list\" data-autoid=\"dds--link-list\"><h4 class=\"bx--link-list__heading\"></h4><ul class=\"bx--link-list__list bx--link-list__list--card\"><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Recognized as the most open and secure public cloud\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/public?lnk=ushpv18pt15&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Public cloud</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Recognized as the most open and secure public cloud</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Innovate side-by-side with IBM experts\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/garage?lnk=ushpv18pt13&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">IBM Garage</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Innovate side-by-side with IBM experts</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Research-driven insights to boost business IQ\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/institute-business-value/?lnk=ushpv18pt12&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Institute for Business Value</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Research-driven insights to boost business IQ</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Protect your data&amp;nbsp;â\\x80\\x94&amp;nbsp;and your customers\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/category/technology/security?lnk=ushpv18pt9&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Security</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Protect your data â\\x80\\x94 and your customers</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li><li class=\"bx--link-list__list__CTA bx--link-list__list--local\"><div aria-label=\"Prepare for the quantum advantage with a trusted partner\" role=\"listitem\"><a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18pt16&amp;bv=true\" class=\"bx--link bx--tile bx--tile--clickable bx--card bx--card__CTA\" data-autoid=\"dds--card\"><div class=\"bx--card__wrapper\"><div class=\"bx--card__content\"><h3 class=\"bx--card__heading\">Quantum computing</h3><div class=\"bx--card__copy\"><p>Prepare for the quantum advantage with a trusted partner</p> </div><div class=\"bx--card__footer\"><svg focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" src=\"[object Object]\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bx--card__cta\"><path d=\"M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z\"></path></svg></div></div></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"bx--offset-lg-1 bx--col-lg-4\"><div style=\"position:sticky;top:52px;padding-top:34px\" class=\"trending-col\"><h4 class=\"bx--type-expressive-heading-02 ibm-pb-2 ibm-margin-bottom-0\">Trending in tech</h4><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18ct20\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-hybrid-cloud\">Hybrid cloud</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/public?lnk=ushpv18ct17\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-public-cloud\">Public cloud</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/redhat?lnk=ushpv18ct13\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-red-hat\">Red Hat</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence?lnk=ushpv18ct3\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-ai\">Artificial intelligence</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18ct18\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-quantum\">Quantum computing</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/kubernetes?lnk=ushpv18ct8\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-kubernetes\">Kubernetes</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics?lnk=ushpv18ct7\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-spss\">SPSS</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18ct1\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-blockchain\">Blockchain</a></h3><h3 class=\"bx--type-body-long-02 ibm-pb-0 ibm-mb-3\"><a class=\"ibm_cci-link-fade\" href=\"https://www-03.ibm.com/employment/technicaltalent/developer/?lnk=ushpv18ct2\" id=\"ibm-homepage-tech-careers\">Careers</a></h3></div></div></div></div></section><div id=\"ibm-cs-row\" class=\"ibm-background-black-core\"><div class=\"bx--lazyload--wrapper \"><div style=\"height:480px\" class=\"bx--lazyload--placeholder\"></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer data-autoid=\"dds--footer\" class=\"bx--footer\"><section class=\"bx--footer__main\"><div class=\"bx--footer__main-container\"><div data-autoid=\"dds--footer-logo\" class=\"bx--footer-logo\"><a data-autoid=\"dds--footer-logo__link\" class=\"bx--footer-logo__link\" href=\"https://www.ibm.com/\"><svg width=\"157\" height=\"65\" class=\"bx--footer-logo__logo\" viewBox=\"0 0 157 65\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"><title>IBM Logo</title><path d=\"M30.444 60.208v4.03H0v-4.03h30.444zm78.291-.001v4.03H86.983v-4.03h21.752zm47.858 0v4.03H134.84v-4.03h21.753zm-33.416 0l-1.398 4.03-1.38-4.03h2.778zm-88.384 0h42.775c-2.797 2.426-6.39 3.925-10.327 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in AI\",\"subhead3\":\"30 leaders from 13 countries who are shaping the future of AI\",\"link3\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-06-Annual-IBM-List-Celebrates-Global-Women-Leaders-Shaping-the-Future-of-Artificial-Intelligence?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"timestamp\":1588793069185},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"title1\":\"Smarter health\",\"subhead1\":\"Bringing data, technology and expertise together to transform health\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson-health?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"title2\":\"IBM Cloud\",\"subhead2\":\"IBM Cloud with Red Hat: the most open and secure public cloud for business\",\"link2\":\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title3\":\"IBM Blockchain\",\"subhead3\":\"We need a more dependable global supply chain. IBM can help. \",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"startHour\":\"14\",\"startMinute\":\"00\",\"timestamp\":1588787382369},{\"startHour\":\"20\",\"title1\":\"IBM Services\",\"title2\":\"Red Hat Marketplace\",\"link2\":\"https://developer.ibm.com/blogs/build-on-red-hat-marketplace/?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"subhead1\":\"Create new revenue sources, improve efficiency and ensure IT delivers peak performance\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/services?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"startMinute\":\"00\",\"subhead2\":\"A simpler way to buy, manage and deploy certified software to any cloud\",\"title3\":\"Computing consortium\",\"subhead3\":\"The world\\\\u0026#8217;s fastest supercomputers join the search for a COVID\\\\u0026#8209;19 vaccine\",\"link3\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/IBM-helps-bring-supercomputers-into-the-global-fight-against-COVID-19?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"timestamp\":1588793412993},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"startHour\":\"14\",\"title1\":\"IBM Watson Assistant\",\"subhead1\":\"Deliver responses to COVID-19 questions with U.S. CDC guidance\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/covid-response?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"startMinute\":\"40\",\"title2\":\"Open P-TECH\",\"subhead2\":\"Free learning events and resources for students, parents and teachers\",\"link2\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-Launches-Open-P-TECH-Globally-Free-platform-focused-on-workplace-learning-and-skills-will-be-offered-in-English-Portuguese-and-Spanish?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title3\":\"IBM Quantum Challenge\",\"subhead3\":\"Programming exercises on real quantum computers \\\\u0026mdash; join in now\",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2020/04/ibm-quantum-challenge/?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"timestamp\":1588792534368},{\"startHour\":\"20\",\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"title2\":\"Computing consortium\",\"subhead2\":\"The world\\\\u0026#8217;s fastest supercomputers join the search for a COVID\\\\u0026#8209;19 vaccine\",\"link2\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/IBM-helps-bring-supercomputers-into-the-global-fight-against-COVID-19?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"subhead1\":\"How AI is driving the new industrial revolution\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2020/03/how-ai-is-driving-the-new-industrial-revolution/?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"title3\":\"Watson AIOps\",\"subhead3\":\"Automate IT operations to increase resiliency and lower costs\",\"link3\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-Unveils-New-AI-Designed-to-Help-CIOs-Automate-IT-Operations-for-Greater-Resiliency-and-Lower-Costs?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"title1\":\"Rapid AI adoption\",\"startMinute\":\"15\",\"timestamp\":1588793533710},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"title2\":\"IBM Cloud\",\"subhead2\":\"IBM Cloud with Red Hat: the most open and secure public cloud for business\",\"link2\":\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title3\":\"IBM Blockchain\",\"subhead3\":\"We need a more dependable global supply chain. IBM can help. \",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"startHour\":\"14\",\"startMinute\":\"25\",\"title1\":\"IBM Watson Assistant\",\"subhead1\":\"Deliver responses to COVID-19 questions with U.S. CDC guidance\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/covid-response?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"timestamp\":1588792543563},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"title3\":\"PartnerWorld\",\"subhead3\":\"Learn about clear pathways to build, service and sell\",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/partnerworld/public/program-overview?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"title2\":\"Watson AIOps\",\"subhead2\":\"Automate IT operations to increase resiliency and lower costs\",\"link2\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/aiops?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title1\":\"The new remote workforce\",\"subhead1\":\"Elevate your talent management for workforce resiliency\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/talent-management/covid-19?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"startHour\":\"21\",\"startMinute\":\"00\",\"timestamp\":1588797765586},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"title1\":\"IBM Watson Assistant\",\"subhead1\":\"Deliver responses to COVID-19 questions with U.S. CDC guidance\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/covid-response?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"title3\":\"IBM Quantum Challenge\",\"subhead3\":\"Programming exercises on real quantum computers \\\\u0026mdash; join in now\",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2020/04/ibm-quantum-challenge/?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"startHour\":\"15\",\"startMinute\":\"00\",\"title2\":\"IBM and Red Hat\",\"subhead2\":\"New offerings pave the way for businesses to capitalize on edge and\\\\u0026nbsp;5G\",\"link2\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-and-Red-Hat-Launch-New-Edge-Computing-Solutions-for-the-5G-Era?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"timestamp\":1588792543563},{\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"subhead3\":\"Automate IT operations to increase resiliency and lower costs\",\"link3\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-Unveils-New-AI-Designed-to-Help-CIOs-Automate-IT-Operations-for-Greater-Resiliency-and-Lower-Costs?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"startHour\":\"13\",\"title3\":\"Watson AIOps\",\"title2\":\"Open P-TECH\",\"subhead2\":\" Free learning events and resources for students, parents and teachers\",\"link2\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-Launches-Open-P-TECH-Globally-Free-platform-focused-on-workplace-learning-and-skills-will-be-offered-in-English-Portuguese-and-Spanish?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title1\":\"She can STEM\",\"subhead1\":\"If we want girls to succeed in STEM, we have to show them itâ\\x80\\x99s possible\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/shecanstem/?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"startMinute\":\"15\",\"timestamp\":1588792534368},{\"startDate\":\"05-06\",\"startHour\":\"15\",\"startMinute\":\"01\",\"title1\":\"IBM Watson Assistant\",\"subhead1\":\"Deliver responses to COVID\\\\u0026#8209;19 questions with U.S. CDC guidance\",\"link1\":\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/covid-response?lnk=ushpv18Th1\",\"title2\":\"IBM and Red Hat\",\"subhead2\":\"New offerings pave the way for businesses to capitalize on edge and\\\\u0026nbsp;5G\",\"link2\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-05-IBM-and-Red-Hat-Launch-New-Edge-Computing-Solutions-for-the-5G-Era?lnk=ushpv18Th2\",\"title3\":\"IBM Quantum Challenge\",\"subhead3\":\"Programming exercises on real quantum computers \\\\u0026mdash; join in now\",\"link3\":\"https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2020/04/ibm-quantum-challenge/?lnk=ushpv18Th3\",\"title4\":\"Think 2020 news\",\"subhead4\":\"Find all news and products announced at Think \\\\u0026mdash; and more\",\"link4\":\"https://newsroom.ibm.com/think?lnk=ushpv18Th4\",\"timestamp\":1588788721047}]}},\"big6LeadspaceCards\":{\"data\":{\"content\":[{\"title\":\"Work safe. Work smart.\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/smarter-business/work-safe?lnk=ushpv18cv1\",\"timestamp\":1591797887933},{\"title\":\"Engage customers anywhere with Watson\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/smarter-business/customer-experience?lnk=ushpv18cv2\",\"timestamp\":1591797833198},{\"title\":\"Enhance your IT resiliency and business continuity\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/services/business-continuity?lnk=ushpv18cv3\",\"timestamp\":1591797923124},{\"title\":\"Accelerate agility and efficiency with IBM Cloud\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/yourcloud?lnk=ushpv18cv4\",\"timestamp\":1591798189360},{\"title\":\"Protect against new cyber risks\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/security?lnk=ushpv18cv5\",\"timestamp\":1591990121847},{\"title\":\"Build resilient supply chains and operations\",\"copy\":\"\",\"link\":\"https://www.ibm.com/supply-chain?lnk=ushpv18cv6\",\"timestamp\":1591990130317}]}}}}},\"__N_SSG\":true},\"page\":\"/\",\"query\":{},\"buildId\":\"FIP7XRTIYC7ePIrq4guw_\",\"assetPrefix\":\"/us-en\",\"isFallback\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[\"0v9E\",\"GaRW\",\"Yx+V\",\"E4ed\",\"QMwt\"],\"gsp\":true}</script><script nomodule=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-8a9ca68ce2f6a778e0e3.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/12.20194ec4a92aaf516243.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/c8f7fe3b0e41be846d5687592cf2018ff6e22687.5005b5e54d75331ef786.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/17.a5932c49419503fe887d.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/14.3500dc8019f369451dfe.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/15.db5f178ef922450bc04e.js\"></script><script async=\"\" src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/16.d2df904c61f3f4c8f8a4.js\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/webpack-a98217ba3231f0cfd233.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/framework.9acfb6d543179d07991b.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/commons.0881acf6740db015ab6e.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/f6078781a05fe1bcb0902d23dbbb2662c8d200b3.497a3d6255bdbba9cfd5.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/main-4741afa1482f176266f6.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-7801630ff6782e8f2f9f.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/styles.7b27c848b04a5792aacf.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/chunks/pages/index-fb94349c7b86ffdd6e8b.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/FIP7XRTIYC7ePIrq4guw_/_buildManifest.js\" async=\"\"></script><script src=\"/us-en/_next/static/FIP7XRTIYC7ePIrq4guw_/_ssgManifest.js\" async=\"\"></script><script type=\"text/javascript\" >var _cf = _cf || []; _cf.push([\\'_setFsp\\', true]); _cf.push([\\'_setBm\\', true]); _cf.push([\\'_setAu\\', \\'/webcontent/254cf0e1ui232f2a975b3add504bc8\\']); </script><script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"/webcontent/254cf0e1ui232f2a975b3add504bc8\"></script></body></html>'"
]
},
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"data = requests.get(url).text \n",
"data"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We create a <code>BeautifulSoup</code> object using the <code>BeautifulSoup</code> constructor \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 66,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"soup = BeautifulSoup(data,\"html5lib\") # create a soup object using the variable 'data'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Scrape all links\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"#main-content\n",
"http://www.ibm.com\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/events/think/?lnk=ushpv18l1\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/services?lnk=ushpv18f1\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/blogs/systems/announcing-ibm-linuxone-iii-express-and-tailored-fit-pricing/?lnk=ushpv18f2\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/training/cloud?lnk=ushpv18f3\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-assistant?lnk=ushpv18f4\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products/offers-and-discounts?link=ushpv18t5&lnk2=trial_mktpl_MPDISC\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/turbonomic?lnk=ushpv18t1&lnk2=trial_Turbo&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/instana?lnk=ushpv18t2&lnk2=trial_Instana&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/cloud-pak-for-watson-aiops?lnk=ushpv18t3&lnk2=trial_CloudPakAIOps&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products/cloud-pak-for-data?lnk=ushpv18t4&lnk2=trial_CloudPakData&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/search?lnk=ushpv18srch&locale=en-us&q=\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products?lnk=ushpv18p1&lnk2=trial_mktpl&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://developer.ibm.com/depmodels/cloud/?lnk=ushpv18ct16\n",
"https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/artificial-intelligence?lnk=ushpv18ct19\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/demos/?lnk=ushpv18ct12\n",
"https://developer.ibm.com/?lnk=ushpv18ct9\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en?lnk=ushpv18ct14\n",
"https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/?lnk=ushpv18ct10\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/support/home/?lnk=ushpv18ct11\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/training/?lnk=ushpv18ct15\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18ct20\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/public-cloud?lnk=ushpv18ct17\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/redhat?lnk=ushpv18ct13\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence?lnk=ushpv18ct3\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18ct18\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/kubernetes?lnk=ushpv18ct8\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics?lnk=ushpv18ct7\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18ct1\n",
"https://www-03.ibm.com/employment/technicaltalent/developer/?lnk=ushpv18ct2\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/search?lnk=ushpv18srch&locale=en-us&q=\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products?lnk=ushpv18p1&lnk2=trial_mktpl&psrc=none&pexp=def\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18pt14&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/watson?lnk=ushpv18pt17&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/categories?technologyTopics[0][0]=cat.topic:Blockchain&isIBMOffering[0]=true&lnk=ushpv18pt4&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/category/technology/analytics?lnk=ushpv18pt1&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/financing?lnk=ushpv18pt3&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/public?lnk=ushpv18pt15&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/garage?lnk=ushpv18pt13&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/institute-business-value/?lnk=ushpv18pt12&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/us-en/products/category/technology/security?lnk=ushpv18pt9&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18pt16&bv=true\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/hybrid?lnk=ushpv18ct20\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/public?lnk=ushpv18ct17\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/redhat?lnk=ushpv18ct13\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence?lnk=ushpv18ct3\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/quantum-computing?lnk=ushpv18ct18\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/kubernetes?lnk=ushpv18ct8\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics?lnk=ushpv18ct7\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/blockchain?lnk=ushpv18ct1\n",
"https://www-03.ibm.com/employment/technicaltalent/developer/?lnk=ushpv18ct2\n",
"https://www.ibm.com/\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for link in soup.find_all('a',href=True): # in html anchor/link is represented by the tag <a>\n",
"\n",
" print(link.get('href'))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Scrape all images Tags\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTA1NSIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1MjcuNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTA1NSIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1MjcuNSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"leadspace mobile image\" class=\"ibm-resize\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/90/94/20210426-think2021-registration-25856-720x360.jpg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/90/94/20210426-think2021-registration-25856-720x360.jpg\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"Expertise for adopting hybrid cloud\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image featured-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/66/65/20210503-hybrid-cloud-services-25868-444-320.jpg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/66/65/20210503-hybrid-cloud-services-25868-444-320.jpg\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"New pricing: IBM Z and LinuxONE\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image featured-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/f5/b4/20210503-tailored-pricing-for-IBM-Z-25846-444x320.jpg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/f5/b4/20210503-tailored-pricing-for-IBM-Z-25846-444x320.jpg\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"Your cloud training starts here\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image featured-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/48/96/20210503-f-certification-cloud-training-25761.jpg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/48/96/20210503-f-certification-cloud-training-25761.jpg\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"Other chatbots can&amp;#8217;t do this\n",
"\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image featured-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/9b/3a/20210201-Watson-assistant-f-25711-444x320.jpg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"https://1.dam.s81c.com/public/content/dam/worldwide-content/homepage/ul/g/9b/3a/20210201-Watson-assistant-f-25711-444x320.jpg\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"IBM and Turbonomic\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"IBM Observability by Instana\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\" IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\n",
"<img alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\" style=\"max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0\"/>\n",
"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDQwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI2MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=\n",
"<img alt=\"IBM Cloud Pak for Data\" class=\"ibm-resize ibm-ab-image trials-image\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%\"/>\n",
"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for link in soup.find_all('img'):# in html image is represented by the tag <img>\n",
" print(link)\n",
" print(link.get('src'))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Scrape data from HTML tables\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 69,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"#The below url contains an html table with data about colors and color codes.\n",
"url = \"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM-DA0321EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/datasets/HTMLColorCodes.html\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Before proceeding to scrape a web site, you need to examine the contents, and the way data is organized on the website. Open the above url in your browser and check how many rows and columns are there in the color table.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# get the contents of the webpage in text format and store in a variable called data\n",
"data = requests.get(url).text"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 71,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"soup = BeautifulSoup(data,\"html5lib\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 73,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"main-table\">\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <td>Number </td>\n",
" <td>Color</td>\n",
" <td>Color Name</td>\n",
" <td>Hex Code<br/>#RRGGBB</td>\n",
" <td>Decimal Code<br/>(R,G,B)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightsalmon;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightsalmon</td>\n",
" <td>#FFA07A</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,160,122)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:salmon;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>salmon</td>\n",
" <td>#FA8072</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(250,128,114)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:darksalmon;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>darksalmon</td>\n",
" <td>#E9967A</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(233,150,122)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightcoral;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightcoral</td>\n",
" <td>#F08080</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(240,128,128)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:coral;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>coral</td>\n",
" <td>#FF7F50</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,127,80)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:tomato;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>tomato</td>\n",
" <td>#FF6347</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,99,71)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:orangered;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>orangered</td>\n",
" <td>#FF4500</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,69,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:gold;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>gold</td>\n",
" <td>#FFD700</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,215,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:orange;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>orange</td>\n",
" <td>#FFA500</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,165,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:darkorange;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>darkorange</td>\n",
" <td>#FF8C00</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,140,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>11</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightyellow;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightyellow</td>\n",
" <td>#FFFFE0</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,255,224)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>12</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lemonchiffon;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lemonchiffon</td>\n",
" <td>#FFFACD</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,250,205)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>13</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:papayawhip;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>papayawhip</td>\n",
" <td>#FFEFD5</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,239,213)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>14</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:moccasin;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>moccasin</td>\n",
" <td>#FFE4B5</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,228,181)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>15</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:peachpuff;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>peachpuff</td>\n",
" <td>#FFDAB9</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,218,185)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>16</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:palegoldenrod;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>palegoldenrod</td>\n",
" <td>#EEE8AA</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(238,232,170)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>17</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:khaki;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>khaki</td>\n",
" <td>#F0E68C</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(240,230,140)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>18</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:darkkhaki;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>darkkhaki</td>\n",
" <td>#BDB76B</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(189,183,107)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>19</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:yellow;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>yellow</td>\n",
" <td>#FFFF00</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(255,255,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>20</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lawngreen;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lawngreen</td>\n",
" <td>#7CFC00</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(124,252,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>21</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:chartreuse;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>chartreuse</td>\n",
" <td>#7FFF00</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(127,255,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>22</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:limegreen;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>limegreen</td>\n",
" <td>#32CD32</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(50,205,50)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>23</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lime;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lime</td>\n",
" <td>#00FF00</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(0.255.0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>24</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:forestgreen;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>forestgreen</td>\n",
" <td>#228B22</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(34,139,34)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>25</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:green;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>green</td>\n",
" <td>#008000</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(0,128,0)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>26</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:powderblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>powderblue</td>\n",
" <td>#B0E0E6</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(176,224,230)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>27</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightblue</td>\n",
" <td>#ADD8E6</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(173,216,230)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>28</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightskyblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightskyblue</td>\n",
" <td>#87CEFA</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(135,206,250)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>29</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:skyblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>skyblue</td>\n",
" <td>#87CEEB</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(135,206,235)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>30</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:deepskyblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>deepskyblue</td>\n",
" <td>#00BFFF</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(0,191,255)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>31</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:lightsteelblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>lightsteelblue</td>\n",
" <td>#B0C4DE</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(176,196,222)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>32</td>\n",
" <td style=\"background:dodgerblue;\"> </td>\n",
" <td>dodgerblue</td>\n",
" <td>#1E90FF</td>\n",
" <td>rgb(30,144,255)</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
"</tbody></table>"
]
},
"execution_count": 73,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#find a html table in the web page\n",
"table = soup.find('table') # in html table is represented by the tag <table>\n",
"table"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 74,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Color Name--->None\n",
"lightsalmon--->#FFA07A\n",
"salmon--->#FA8072\n",
"darksalmon--->#E9967A\n",
"lightcoral--->#F08080\n",
"coral--->#FF7F50\n",
"tomato--->#FF6347\n",
"orangered--->#FF4500\n",
"gold--->#FFD700\n",
"orange--->#FFA500\n",
"darkorange--->#FF8C00\n",
"lightyellow--->#FFFFE0\n",
"lemonchiffon--->#FFFACD\n",
"papayawhip--->#FFEFD5\n",
"moccasin--->#FFE4B5\n",
"peachpuff--->#FFDAB9\n",
"palegoldenrod--->#EEE8AA\n",
"khaki--->#F0E68C\n",
"darkkhaki--->#BDB76B\n",
"yellow--->#FFFF00\n",
"lawngreen--->#7CFC00\n",
"chartreuse--->#7FFF00\n",
"limegreen--->#32CD32\n",
"lime--->#00FF00\n",
"forestgreen--->#228B22\n",
"green--->#008000\n",
"powderblue--->#B0E0E6\n",
"lightblue--->#ADD8E6\n",
"lightskyblue--->#87CEFA\n",
"skyblue--->#87CEEB\n",
"deepskyblue--->#00BFFF\n",
"lightsteelblue--->#B0C4DE\n",
"dodgerblue--->#1E90FF\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#Get all rows from the table\n",
"for row in table.find_all('tr'): # in html table row is represented by the tag <tr>\n",
" # Get all columns in each row.\n",
" cols = row.find_all('td') # in html a column is represented by the tag <td>\n",
" color_name = cols[2].string # store the value in column 3 as color_name\n",
" color_code = cols[3].string # store the value in column 4 as color_code\n",
" print(\"{}--->{}\".format(color_name,color_code))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Scrape data from HTML tables into a DataFrame using BeautifulSoup and Pandas\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 75,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import pandas as pd"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"#The below url contains html tables with data about world population.\n",
"url = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Before proceeding to scrape a web site, you need to examine the contents, and the way data is organized on the website. Open the above url in your browser and check the tables on the webpage.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 77,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# get the contents of the webpage in text format and store in a variable called data\n",
"data = requests.get(url).text"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 78,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"soup = BeautifulSoup(data,\"html5lib\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 82,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[<table class=\"infobox\" style=\"float: right; font-size:90%\">\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:center; background:#cfb;\"><b>World population</b> (millions, UN estimates)<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-WPP2015total_14-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WPP2015total-14\">[14]</a></sup>\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"background:#cfb;\">#\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"background:#cfb;\"><small>Top ten most populous countries</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"background:#cfb;\">2000\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"background:#cfb;\">2015\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"background:#cfb;\">2030<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-note-2030_15-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-note-2030-15\">[A]</a></sup>\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/China\" title=\"China\"><img alt=\"China\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_China\" title=\"Demographics of China\">China</a><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-china-note_16-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-china-note-16\">[B]</a></sup></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,270</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,376</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,416\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">2</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\"><img alt=\"India\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-width=\"1350\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_India\" title=\"Demographics of India\">India</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,053</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,311</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">1,528\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">3</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img alt=\"United States\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-width=\"1235\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States\" title=\"Demographics of the United States\">United States</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">283</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">322</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">356\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">4</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\"><img alt=\"Indonesia\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia\" title=\"Demographics of Indonesia\">Indonesia</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">212</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">258</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">295\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">5</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Pakistan\" title=\"Pakistan\"><img alt=\"Pakistan\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan\" title=\"Demographics of Pakistan\">Pakistan</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">136</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">208</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">245\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">6</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Brazil\" title=\"Brazil\"><img alt=\"Brazil\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"504\" data-file-width=\"720\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x\" width=\"22\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil\" title=\"Demographics of Brazil\">Brazil</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">176</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">206</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">228\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">7</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Nigeria\" title=\"Nigeria\"><img alt=\"Nigeria\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria\" title=\"Demographics of Nigeria\">Nigeria</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">123</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">182</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">263\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">8</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Bangladesh\" title=\"Bangladesh\"><img alt=\"Bangladesh\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh\" title=\"Demographics of Bangladesh\">Bangladesh</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">131</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">161</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">186\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">9</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Russia\" title=\"Russia\"><img alt=\"Russia\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia\" title=\"Demographics of Russia\">Russia</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">146</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">146</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">149\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">10</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left;\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Mexico\" title=\"Mexico\"><img alt=\"Mexico\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"560\" data-file-width=\"980\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"13\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico\" title=\"Demographics of Mexico\">Mexico</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">103</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">127</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\">148\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr style=\"background:#cfb;\">\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right;\"></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:left; background:#cfb;\"><b>World total</b></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right; background:#cfb;\">6,127</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right; background:#cfb;\">7,349</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right; background:#cfb;\">8,501\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td colspan=\"5\" style=\"text-align:left;\"><small>Notes:\n",
" <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1011085734\">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class=\"reflist reflist-upper-alpha\">\n",
" <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\">\n",
" <li id=\"cite_note-note-2030-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-note-2030_15-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">2030 = Medium variant.</span>\n",
" </li>\n",
" <li id=\"cite_note-china-note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-china-note_16-0\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">China excludes <a href=\"/wiki/Hong_Kong\" title=\"Hong Kong\">Hong Kong</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Macau\" title=\"Macau\">Macau</a>.</span>\n",
" </li>\n",
" </ol></div></div></small>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\n",
" <caption>Population by continent (2020 estimates)\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Continent\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Density<br/><small>(inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Population<br/><small>(millions)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Most populous country\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Most populous city (metropolitan area)\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Asia\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">104.1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">4,641\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,439,323,000<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-19\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">[note 1]</a></sup> – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/China\" title=\"China\">China</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37,393,000/13,929,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Japan\" title=\"Japan\"><img alt=\"Japan\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area\" title=\"Greater Tokyo Area\">Greater Tokyo Area</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Tokyo\" title=\"Tokyo\">Tokyo Metropolis</a>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Africa\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">44.4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">1,340\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span>206,139,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Nigeria\" title=\"Nigeria\">Nigeria</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>20,900,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Egypt\" title=\"Egypt\"><img alt=\"Egypt\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Cairo\" title=\"Cairo\">Cairo</a><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-20\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">[17]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>Europe\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">73.4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">747\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span>145,934,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Russia\" title=\"Russia\">Russia</a>;<br/>approx. <a href=\"/wiki/European_Russia\" title=\"European Russia\">110 million in Europe</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>16,855,000/12,537,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Russia\" title=\"Russia\"><img alt=\"Russia\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area\" title=\"Moscow metropolitan area\">Moscow metropolitan area</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Moscow\" title=\"Moscow\">Moscow</a><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-21\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">[18]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td><a href=\"/wiki/Latin_America\" title=\"Latin America\">Latin America</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">24.1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">653\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span>212,559,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"504\" data-file-width=\"720\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x\" width=\"22\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Brazil\" title=\"Brazil\">Brazil</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>22,043,000/12,176,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Brazil\" title=\"Brazil\"><img alt=\"Brazil\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"504\" data-file-width=\"720\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x\" width=\"22\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo\" title=\"Greater São Paulo\">São Paulo Metro Area</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo\" title=\"São Paulo\">São Paulo City</a>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td><a href=\"/wiki/Northern_America\" title=\"Northern America\">Northern America</a><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-22\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">[note 2]</a></sup>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">14.9\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">368\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span>331,002,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-width=\"1235\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/United_States\" title=\"United States\">United States</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>23,724,000/8,323,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/United_States\" title=\"United States\"><img alt=\"United States\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-width=\"1235\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area\" title=\"New York metropolitan area\">New York metropolitan area</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/New_York_City\" title=\"New York City\">New York City</a>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td><a href=\"/wiki/Oceania\" title=\"Oceania\">Oceania</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">42\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span><span style=\"visibility:hidden;color:transparent;\">0</span>25,499,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-width=\"1280\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Australia\" title=\"Australia\">Australia</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,925,000 – <span class=\"flagicon\"><a href=\"/wiki/Australia\" title=\"Australia\"><img alt=\"Australia\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"640\" data-file-width=\"1280\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></a></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Sydney\" title=\"Sydney\">Sydney</a>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td><a href=\"/wiki/Antarctica\" title=\"Antarctica\">Antarctica</a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">~0\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">0.004<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-AntarcticCIA_18-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AntarcticCIA-18\">[16]</a></sup>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>N/A<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-23\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">[note 3]</a></sup>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,258 – <a href=\"/wiki/McMurdo_Station\" title=\"McMurdo Station\">McMurdo Station</a>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:8px; margin-right:0;\">\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th colspan=\"11\" style=\"text-align:center;\">World population milestones in billions (Worldometers estimates)\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Population\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <th>5</th>\n",
" <th>6</th>\n",
" <th>7</th>\n",
" <th>8</th>\n",
" <th>9</th>\n",
" <th>10\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>1804</td>\n",
" <td>1927</td>\n",
" <td>1960</td>\n",
" <td>1974</td>\n",
" <td>1987</td>\n",
" <td>1999</td>\n",
" <td>2011</td>\n",
" <td><i>2023</i></td>\n",
" <td><i>2037</i></td>\n",
" <td><i>2057</i>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Years elapsed\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>—</td>\n",
" <td>123</td>\n",
" <td>33</td>\n",
" <td>14</td>\n",
" <td>13</td>\n",
" <td>12</td>\n",
" <td>12</td>\n",
" <td><i>12</i></td>\n",
" <td><i>14</i></td>\n",
" <td><i>20</i>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table width=\"100%\"> <tbody><tr> <td valign=\"top\"> <style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r981673959\">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#0000CD; color:white;\"> </span> &gt;80</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#4169E1; color:white;\"> </span> 77.5–80</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#00BFFF; color:black;\"> </span> 75–77.5</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#3CB371; color:black;\"> </span> 72.5–75</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#32CD32; color:black;\"> </span> 70–72.5</div> </td> <td valign=\"top\"> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#ADFF2F; color:black;\"> </span> 67.5–70</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;\"> </span> 65–67.5</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#FFD700; color:black;\"> </span> 60–65</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;\"> </span> 55–60</div> <link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"legend\"><span class=\"legend-color\" style=\"background-color:#FF4500; color:black;\"> </span> 50–55</div> </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable plainrowheaders\" style=\"text-align:right\">\n",
" \n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th data-sort-type=\"number\">Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>% of world</th>\n",
" <th>Date</th>\n",
" <th class=\"unsortable\">Source<br/>(official or UN)\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_China\" title=\"Demographics of China\">China</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">1,407,794,600</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7001178985510102396♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>17.9%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002021-05-04-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">4 May 2021</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National population clock<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-94\"><a href=\"#cite_note-94\">[89]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-width=\"1350\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_India\" title=\"Demographics of India\">India</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">1,376,519,831</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7001175009269191400♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>17.5%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002021-05-04-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">4 May 2021</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National population clock<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-95\"><a href=\"#cite_note-95\">[90]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"650\" data-file-width=\"1235\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_United_States\" title=\"Demographics of United States\">United States</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">331,611,270</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000421607046345067♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>4.22%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002021-05-04-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">4 May 2021</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National population clock<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-96\"><a href=\"#cite_note-96\">[91]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia\" title=\"Demographics of Indonesia\">Indonesia</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">269,603,400</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000342770899066812♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>3.43%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002020-07-01-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">1 Jul 2020</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National annual projection<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-97\"><a href=\"#cite_note-97\">[92]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>5\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan\" title=\"Demographics of Pakistan\">Pakistan</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">220,892,331</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000280840163343021♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>2.81%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002020-07-01-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">1 Jul 2020</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">UN Projection<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-unpop_98-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unpop-98\">[93]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>6\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"504\" data-file-width=\"720\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x\" width=\"22\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil\" title=\"Demographics of Brazil\">Brazil</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">213,088,674</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000270918676722678♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>2.71%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002021-05-04-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">4 May 2021</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National population clock<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-99\"><a href=\"#cite_note-99\">[94]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria\" title=\"Demographics of Nigeria\">Nigeria</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">206,139,587</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000262083681323201♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>2.62%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002020-07-01-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">1 Jul 2020</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">UN Projection<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-unpop_98-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-unpop-98\">[93]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>8\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh\" title=\"Demographics of Bangladesh\">Bangladesh</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">170,605,442</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000216905946809391♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>2.17%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002021-05-04-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">4 May 2021</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National population clock<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-100\"><a href=\"#cite_note-100\">[95]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>9\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia\" title=\"Demographics of Russia\">Russia</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">146,748,590</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000186574598581053♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>1.87%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002020-01-01-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">1 Jan 2020</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National annual estimate<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-101\"><a href=\"#cite_note-101\">[96]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>10\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"560\" data-file-width=\"980\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"13\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/></span> <a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico\" title=\"Demographics of Mexico\">Mexico</a></td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\">127,792,286</td>\n",
" <td style=\"text-align:right\"><span data-sort-value=\"7000162473755026914♠\" style=\"display:none\"></span>1.62%</td>\n",
" <td><span data-sort-value=\"000000002020-07-01-0000\" style=\"white-space:nowrap\">1 Jul 2020</span></td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">National annual projection<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-102\"><a href=\"#cite_note-102\">[97]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"text-align:right\">\n",
" <caption>10 most densely populated countries <small>(with population above 5 million)</small>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area<br/><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small></th>\n",
" <th>Density<br/><small>(pop/km<sup>2</sup>)</small>\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"2880\" data-file-width=\"4320\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Singapore\" title=\"Singapore\">Singapore</a></td>\n",
" <td>5,704,000</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>8,033\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Bangladesh\" title=\"Bangladesh\">Bangladesh</a></td>\n",
" <td>170,610,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>143,998\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,185\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Lebanon\" title=\"Lebanon\">Lebanon</a></td>\n",
" <td>6,856,000</td>\n",
" <td>10,452</td>\n",
" <td>656\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\">Taiwan</a></td>\n",
" <td>23,604,000</td>\n",
" <td>36,193</td>\n",
" <td>652\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/South_Korea\" title=\"South Korea\">South Korea</a></td>\n",
" <td>51,781,000</td>\n",
" <td>99,538</td>\n",
" <td>520\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"720\" data-file-width=\"1080\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a></td>\n",
" <td>12,374,000</td>\n",
" <td>26,338</td>\n",
" <td>470\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Haiti\" title=\"Haiti\">Haiti</a></td>\n",
" <td>11,578,000</td>\n",
" <td>27,065</td>\n",
" <td>428\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Netherlands\" title=\"Netherlands\">Netherlands</a></td>\n",
" <td>17,590,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41,526\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>424\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-width=\"1100\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x\" width=\"21\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Israel\" title=\"Israel\">Israel</a></td>\n",
" <td>9,340,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>22,072\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>423\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-width=\"1350\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a></td>\n",
" <td>1,376,520,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,287,240\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>419\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"text-align:right\">\n",
" <caption>Countries ranking highly in both total population <small>(more than 20 million people)</small> and population density <small>(more than 250 people per square kilometer)</small>:\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area<br/><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small></th>\n",
" <th>Density<br/><small>(pop/km<sup>2</sup>)</small></th>\n",
" <th>Population trend\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-width=\"1350\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a></td>\n",
" <td>1,376,520,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,287,240\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>419</td>\n",
" <td>Growing\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Pakistan\" title=\"Pakistan\">Pakistan</a></td>\n",
" <td>223,520,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>803,940\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>278</td>\n",
" <td>Growing\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Bangladesh\" title=\"Bangladesh\">Bangladesh</a></td>\n",
" <td>170,610,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>143,998\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,185</td>\n",
" <td>Rapidly growing\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Japan\" title=\"Japan\">Japan</a></td>\n",
" <td>126,010,000</td>\n",
" <td>377,873</td>\n",
" <td>333</td>\n",
" <td>Declining<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-BigDecline_103-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BigDecline-103\">[98]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\">Philippines</a></td>\n",
" <td>110,180,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>300,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>367</td>\n",
" <td>Growing\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Vietnam\" title=\"Vietnam\">Vietnam</a></td>\n",
" <td>96,209,000</td>\n",
" <td>331,689</td>\n",
" <td>290</td>\n",
" <td>Growing\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom</a></td>\n",
" <td>66,436,000</td>\n",
" <td>243,610</td>\n",
" <td>273</td>\n",
" <td>Steady\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/South_Korea\" title=\"South Korea\">South Korea</a></td>\n",
" <td>51,781,000</td>\n",
" <td>99,538</td>\n",
" <td>520</td>\n",
" <td>Steady\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\">Taiwan</a></td>\n",
" <td>23,604,000</td>\n",
" <td>36,193</td>\n",
" <td>652</td>\n",
" <td>Steady\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\"><span class=\"flagicon\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"12\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/> </span><a href=\"/wiki/Sri_Lanka\" title=\"Sri Lanka\">Sri Lanka</a></td>\n",
" <td>21,803,000</td>\n",
" <td>65,610</td>\n",
" <td>332</td>\n",
" <td>Growing\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\n",
" <caption>Global annual population growth<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-113\"><a href=\"#cite_note-113\">[108]</a></sup>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th rowspan=\"2\">Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th rowspan=\"2\">Population\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">Yearly change\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th rowspan=\"2\">Density<br/><small>(pop/km<sup>2</sup>)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">Urban population\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>%\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Number\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Number\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>%\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1951\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,584,034,261\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.88%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47,603,112\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>17\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>775,067,697\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>30%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1952\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,630,861,562\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.81%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46,827,301\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>18\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>799,282,533\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>30%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1953\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,677,608,960\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.78%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46,747,398\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>18\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>824,289,989\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>31%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1954\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,724,846,741\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.76%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47,237,781\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>18\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>850,179,106\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>31%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1955\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,773,019,936\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.77%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48,173,195\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>19\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>877,008,842\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>32%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1956\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,822,443,282\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.78%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>49,423,346\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>19\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>904,685,164\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>32%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1957\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,873,306,090\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.80%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50,862,808\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>19\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>933,113,168\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>32%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1958\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,925,686,705\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.82%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>52,380,615\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>20\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>962,537,113\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1959\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,979,576,185\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.84%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>53,889,480\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>20\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>992,820,546\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1960\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,034,949,748\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.86%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>55,373,563\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>20\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,023,845,517\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>34%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1961\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,091,843,507\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.87%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>56,893,759\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>21\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,055,435,648\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>34%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1962\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,150,420,795\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.89%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>58,577,288\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>21\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,088,376,703\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>35%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1963\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,211,001,009\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.92%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>60,580,214\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>22\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,122,561,940\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>35%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1964\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,273,978,338\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.96%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>62,977,329\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>22\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,157,813,355\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>35%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1965\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,339,583,597\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.00%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>65,605,259\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>22\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,188,469,224\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1966\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,407,922,630\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.05%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>68,339,033\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>23\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,219,993,032\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1967\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,478,769,962\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.08%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>70,847,332\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>23\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,252,566,565\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1968\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,551,599,127\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.09%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>72,829,165\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>24\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,285,933,432\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1969\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,625,680,627\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.09%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>74,081,500\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>24\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,319,833,474\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1970\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,700,437,046\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.06%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>74,756,419\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>25\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,354,215,496\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1971\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,775,759,617\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.04%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,322,571\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>25\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,388,834,099\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1972\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,851,650,245\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2.01%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,890,628\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>26\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,424,734,781\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1973\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,927,780,238\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.98%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>76,129,993\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>26\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,462,178,370\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1974\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,003,794,172\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.94%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>76,013,934\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>27\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,501,134,655\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1975\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,079,480,606\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.89%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,686,434\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>27\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,538,624,994\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>38%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1976\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,154,666,864\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.84%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,186,258\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>28\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,577,376,141\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>38%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1977\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,229,506,060\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.80%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>74,839,196\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>28\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,616,419,308\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>38%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1978\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,304,533,501\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.77%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,027,441\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>29\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,659,306,117\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1979\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,380,506,100\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.76%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75,972,599\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>29\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,706,021,638\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1980\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,458,003,514\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.77%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>77,497,414\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>30\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,754,201,029\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1981\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,536,996,762\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.77%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>78,993,248\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>30\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,804,215,203\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>40%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1982\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,617,386,542\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.77%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>80,389,780\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>31\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,854,134,229\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>40%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1983\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,699,569,304\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.78%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>82,182,762\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>32\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,903,822,436\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1984\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,784,011,621\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.80%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,442,317\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>32\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,955,106,433\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1985\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,870,921,740\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.82%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>86,910,119\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,007,939,063\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1986\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,960,567,912\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.84%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>89,646,172\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,062,604,394\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>42%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1987\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,052,522,147\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.85%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>91,954,235\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>34\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,118,882,551\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>42%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1988\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,145,426,008\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.84%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>92,903,861\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>35\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,176,126,537\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>42%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1989\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,237,441,558\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.79%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>92,015,550\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>35\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,233,140,502\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1990\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,327,231,061\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.71%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>89,789,503\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,290,228,096\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1991\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,414,289,444\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.63%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>87,058,383\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,347,462,336\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1992\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,498,919,809\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.56%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,630,365\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,404,337,297\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>44%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1993\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,581,597,546\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.50%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>82,677,737\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,461,223,528\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>44%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1994\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,663,150,427\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.46%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>81,552,881\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>38\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,518,254,111\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>44%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1995\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,744,212,979\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.43%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>81,062,552\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,575,505,235\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>45%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1996\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,824,891,951\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.40%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>80,678,972\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,632,941,583\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>45%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1997\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,905,045,788\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.38%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>80,153,837\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>40\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,690,813,541\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1998\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,984,793,942\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.35%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,748,154\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>40\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,749,213,598\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1999\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,064,239,055\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.33%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,445,113\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,808,231,655\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2000\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,143,494,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.31%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,255,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>41\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,868,308,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2001\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,222,627,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.29%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,133,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>42\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,933,079,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2002\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,301,773,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.27%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,147,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>42\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,001,808,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2003\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,381,185,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.26%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,412,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,071,744,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2004\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,461,159,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.25%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>79,974,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,143,045,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2005\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,541,907,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.25%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>80,748,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>44\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,215,906,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>49%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2006\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,623,518,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.25%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>81,611,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>44\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,289,446,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2007\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,705,947,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.24%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>82,429,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>45\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,363,610,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2008\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,789,089,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.24%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>83,142,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>46\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,439,719,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2009\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,872,767,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.23%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>83,678,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,516,830,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>51%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2010\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,956,824,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.22%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,057,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,594,868,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>51%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2011\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,041,194,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.21%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,371,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>47\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,671,424,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>52%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2012\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,125,828,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.20%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,634,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,747,843,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>52%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2013\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,210,582,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.19%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,754,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,824,990,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>53%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2014\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,295,291,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.17%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,709,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>49\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,902,832,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>53%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2015\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,379,797,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.16%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,506,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,981,498,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>54%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2016\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,464,022,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.14%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84,225,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,060,653,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>54%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2017\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,547,859,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.12%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>83,837,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>51\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,140,189,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>55%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2018\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,631,091,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.10%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>83,232,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>51\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,219,817,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>55%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2019\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,713,468,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.08%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>82,377,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>52\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,299,439,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>56%\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2020\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,795,000,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1.05%\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>81,331,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>52\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,378,900,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>56%\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"font-size:97%; text-align:right;\">\n",
" <caption>World historical and predicted populations (in millions)<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Vallin_117-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Vallin-117\">[112]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-un2004_118-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-un2004-118\">[113]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-119\"><a href=\"#cite_note-119\">[114]</a></sup>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Region</th>\n",
" <th>1500</th>\n",
" <th>1600</th>\n",
" <th>1700</th>\n",
" <th>1750</th>\n",
" <th>1800</th>\n",
" <th>1850</th>\n",
" <th>1900</th>\n",
" <th>1950</th>\n",
" <th>1999</th>\n",
" <th>2008</th>\n",
" <th>2010</th>\n",
" <th>2012</th>\n",
" <th>2050</th>\n",
" <th>2150\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>World\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>585</td>\n",
" <td>660</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>791</td>\n",
" <td>978</td>\n",
" <td>1,262</td>\n",
" <td>1,650</td>\n",
" <td>2,521</td>\n",
" <td>6,008</td>\n",
" <td>6,707</td>\n",
" <td>6,896</td>\n",
" <td>7,052</td>\n",
" <td>9,725</td>\n",
" <td>9,746\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Africa\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>86</td>\n",
" <td>114</td>\n",
" <td>106</td>\n",
" <td>106</td>\n",
" <td>107</td>\n",
" <td>111</td>\n",
" <td>133</td>\n",
" <td>221</td>\n",
" <td>783</td>\n",
" <td>973</td>\n",
" <td>1,022</td>\n",
" <td>1,052</td>\n",
" <td>2,478</td>\n",
" <td>2,308\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Asia\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>282</td>\n",
" <td>350</td>\n",
" <td>411</td>\n",
" <td>502</td>\n",
" <td>635</td>\n",
" <td>809</td>\n",
" <td>947</td>\n",
" <td>1,402</td>\n",
" <td>3,700</td>\n",
" <td>4,054</td>\n",
" <td>4,164</td>\n",
" <td>4,250</td>\n",
" <td>5,267</td>\n",
" <td>5,561\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Europe\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>168</td>\n",
" <td>170</td>\n",
" <td>178</td>\n",
" <td>190</td>\n",
" <td>203</td>\n",
" <td>276</td>\n",
" <td>408</td>\n",
" <td>547</td>\n",
" <td>675</td>\n",
" <td>732</td>\n",
" <td>738</td>\n",
" <td>740</td>\n",
" <td>734</td>\n",
" <td>517\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Latin America<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>40</td>\n",
" <td>20</td>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>16</td>\n",
" <td>24</td>\n",
" <td>38</td>\n",
" <td>74</td>\n",
" <td>167</td>\n",
" <td>508</td>\n",
" <td>577</td>\n",
" <td>590</td>\n",
" <td>603</td>\n",
" <td>784</td>\n",
" <td>912\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Northern America<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td>26</td>\n",
" <td>82</td>\n",
" <td>172</td>\n",
" <td>312</td>\n",
" <td>337</td>\n",
" <td>345</td>\n",
" <td>351</td>\n",
" <td>433</td>\n",
" <td>398\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Oceania\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>13</td>\n",
" <td>30</td>\n",
" <td>34</td>\n",
" <td>37</td>\n",
" <td>38</td>\n",
" <td>57</td>\n",
" <td>51\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"font-size:97%; text-align:right;\">\n",
" <caption>World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Vallin_117-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Vallin-117\">[112]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-un2004_118-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-un2004-118\">[113]</a></sup>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Region</th>\n",
" <th>1500</th>\n",
" <th>1600</th>\n",
" <th>1700</th>\n",
" <th>1750</th>\n",
" <th>1800</th>\n",
" <th>1850</th>\n",
" <th>1900</th>\n",
" <th>1950</th>\n",
" <th>1999</th>\n",
" <th>2008</th>\n",
" <th>2010</th>\n",
" <th>2012</th>\n",
" <th>2050</th>\n",
" <th>2150\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Africa\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>14.7</td>\n",
" <td>17.3</td>\n",
" <td>14.9</td>\n",
" <td>13.4</td>\n",
" <td>10.9</td>\n",
" <td>8.8</td>\n",
" <td>8.1</td>\n",
" <td>8.8</td>\n",
" <td>13.0</td>\n",
" <td>14.5</td>\n",
" <td>14.8</td>\n",
" <td>15.2</td>\n",
" <td>25.5</td>\n",
" <td>23.7\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Asia\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>48.2</td>\n",
" <td>53.0</td>\n",
" <td>57.9</td>\n",
" <td>63.5</td>\n",
" <td>64.9</td>\n",
" <td>64.1</td>\n",
" <td>57.4</td>\n",
" <td>55.6</td>\n",
" <td>61.6</td>\n",
" <td>60.4</td>\n",
" <td>60.4</td>\n",
" <td>60.3</td>\n",
" <td>54.2</td>\n",
" <td>57.1\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Europe\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>28.7</td>\n",
" <td>25.8</td>\n",
" <td>25.1</td>\n",
" <td>20.6</td>\n",
" <td>20.8</td>\n",
" <td>21.9</td>\n",
" <td>24.7</td>\n",
" <td>21.7</td>\n",
" <td>11.2</td>\n",
" <td>10.9</td>\n",
" <td>10.7</td>\n",
" <td>10.5</td>\n",
" <td>7.6</td>\n",
" <td>5.3\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Latin America<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-2\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6.8</td>\n",
" <td>3.0</td>\n",
" <td>1.4</td>\n",
" <td>2.0</td>\n",
" <td>2.5</td>\n",
" <td>3.0</td>\n",
" <td>4.5</td>\n",
" <td>6.6</td>\n",
" <td>8.5</td>\n",
" <td>8.6</td>\n",
" <td>8.6</td>\n",
" <td>8.6</td>\n",
" <td>8.1</td>\n",
" <td>9.4\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Northern America<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-3\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>1.0</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.3</td>\n",
" <td>0.3</td>\n",
" <td>0.7</td>\n",
" <td>2.1</td>\n",
" <td>5.0</td>\n",
" <td>6.8</td>\n",
" <td>5.2</td>\n",
" <td>5.0</td>\n",
" <td>5.0</td>\n",
" <td>5.0</td>\n",
" <td>4.5</td>\n",
" <td>4.1\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Oceania\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.4</td>\n",
" <td>0.3</td>\n",
" <td>0.2</td>\n",
" <td>0.2</td>\n",
" <td>0.4</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.5</td>\n",
" <td>0.6</td>\n",
" <td>0.5\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:right;\">\n",
" \n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\">World\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\">Africa\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\">Asia\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\">Europe\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">Latin America<br/>&amp; Carib.<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-4\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup></span>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\"><span class=\"nowrap\">North America</span><br/><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-Americas_120-5\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Americas-120\">[Note 1]</a></sup>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th style=\"width:70px;\">Oceania\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Notes\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">70,000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>&lt; 0.015\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>0\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>0\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-122\"><a href=\"#cite_note-122\">[116]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">10,000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-HistoricalEstimates_123-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HistoricalEstimates-123\">[117]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">8000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">6500 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">5000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">4000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">3000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>14\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>27\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1000 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>50\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>9\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)\">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">500 BC\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>100\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>14\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>66\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>16\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">AD 1\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>200\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>23\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>141\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>28\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1000\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>400\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>70\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>269\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>8\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1500\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>458\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>86\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>243\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>84\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align:right;\">1600\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>580\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>114\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>339\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>111\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>10\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1700\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>682\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>106\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>436\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>125\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>10\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1750\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>791\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>106\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>502\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>163\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>16\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1800\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>1,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>107\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>656\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>203\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>24\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1850\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>1,262\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>111\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>809\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>276\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>38\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>26\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1900\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>1,650\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>133\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>947\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>408\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>74\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>82\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>6\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1950\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,525\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>229\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,394\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>549\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>169\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>172\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>12.7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-CensusPopulation_124-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CensusPopulation-124\">[118]</a></sup>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1955\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>2,758\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>254\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,534\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>577\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>193\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>187\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>14.2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1960\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,018\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>285\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,687\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>606\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>221\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>204\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>15.8\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1965\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,322\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>322\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,875\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>635\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>254\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>219\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>17.5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1970\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>3,682\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>366\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,120\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>657\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>288\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>231\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>19.7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1975\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,061\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>416\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,378\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>677\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>326\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>242\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>21.5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1980\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,440\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>478\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,626\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>694\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>365\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>254\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>23.0\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1985\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>4,853\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>550\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,897\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>708\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>406\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>267\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>24.9\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1990\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,310\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>632\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,202\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>721\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>447\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>281\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>27.0\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">1995\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>5,735\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>720\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,475\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>728\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>487\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>296\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>29.1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2000\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,127\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>814\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,714\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>726\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>527\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>314\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>31.1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2005\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,520\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>920\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,945\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>729\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>564\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>329\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>33.4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2010\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,930\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,044\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,170\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>735\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>600\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>344\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>36.4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\">2015\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,349\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,186\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,393\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>738\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>634\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>358\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>39.3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove\" role=\"presentation\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"mbox-image\"><div style=\"width:52px\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg\"><img alt=\"\" data-file-height=\"399\" data-file-width=\"512\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"39\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x\" width=\"50\"/></a></div></td><td class=\"mbox-text\"><div class=\"mbox-text-span\">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability\" title=\"Wikipedia:Verifiability\">verification</a></b>.<span class=\"hide-when-compact\"> Please help <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&amp;action=edit\">improve this article</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners\" title=\"Help:Referencing for beginners\">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small class=\"date-container\"><i>(<span class=\"date\">April 2020</span>)</i></small><small class=\"hide-when-compact\"><i> (<a href=\"/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal\" title=\"Help:Maintenance template removal\">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; margin-top:0.5em; margin-right:1em; float:left; font-size:96%;\">\n",
" <caption>UN (medium variant – 2019 revision) and US Census Bureau (June 2015) estimates<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UN19_139-0\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UN19-139\">[132]</a></sup><sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-140\"><a href=\"#cite_note-140\">[133]</a></sup>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>UN est.<br/><small>(millions)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th><small>Difference</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>USCB est.<br/><small>(millions)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th><small>Difference</small>\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2005\"></span>2005\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,542\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>–\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>6,473\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>–\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2010\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,957\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>415\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>6,866\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>393\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2015\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,380\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>423\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>7,256\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>390\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2020\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,795\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>415\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>7,643\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>380\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2025\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,184\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>390\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>8,007\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>363\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2030\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,549\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>364\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>8,341\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>334\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2035\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,888\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>339\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>8,646\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>306\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2040\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,199\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>311\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>8,926\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>280\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2045\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,482\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>283\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>9,180\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>254\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2050\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,735\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>253\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>9,408\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>228\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:right; margin-top:2.6em; font-size:96%;\">\n",
" <caption>UN 2019 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions)<sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-UN19_139-1\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UN19-139\">[132]</a></sup>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>World\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Asia\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Africa\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Europe\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Latin America/Caribbean\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Northern America\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>Oceania\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2000\"></span>2000\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,144\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,741 (60.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>811 (13.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>726 (11.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>522 (8.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>312 (5.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>31 (0.5%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2005\"></span>2005\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,542\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,978 (60.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>916 (14.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>729 (11.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>558 (8.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>327 (5.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>34 (0.5%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2010\"></span>2010\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>6,957\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,210 (60.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,039 (14.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>736 (10.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>591 (8.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>343 (4.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>37 (0.5%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2015\"></span>2015\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,380\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,434 (60.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,182 (16.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>743 (10.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>624 (8.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>357 (4.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>40 (0.5%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2020\"></span>2020\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>7,795\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,641 (59.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,341 (17.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>748 (9.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>654 (8.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>369 (4.7%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>43 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2025\"></span>2025\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,184\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,823 (58.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,509 (18.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>746 (9.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>682 (8.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>380 (4.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>45 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2030\"></span>2030\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,549\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,974 (58.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,688 (19.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>741 (8.7%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>706 (8.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>391 (4.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>48 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2035\"></span>2035\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>8,888\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,096 (57.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>1,878 (21.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>735 (8.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>726 (8.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>401 (4.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>50 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2040\"></span>2040\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,199\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,189 (56.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,077 (22.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>728 (7.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>742 (8.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>410 (4.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>53 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2045\"></span>2045\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,482\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,253 (55.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,282 (24.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>720 (7.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>754 (8.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>418 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>55 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2050\"></span>2050\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,735\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,290 (54.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,489 (25.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>711 (7.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>762 (7.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>425 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>57 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2055\"></span>2055\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>9,958\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,302 (53.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,698 (27.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>700 (7.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>767 (7.7%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>432 (4.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>60 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2060\"></span>2060\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,152\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,289 (52.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>2,905 (28.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>689 (6.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>768 (7.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>439 (4.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>62 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2065\"></span>2065\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,318\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,256 (51.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,109 (30.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>677 (6.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>765 (7.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>447 (4.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>64 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2070\"></span>2070\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,459\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,207 (49.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,308 (31.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>667 (6.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>759 (7.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>454 (4.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>66 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2075\"></span>2075\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,577\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,143 (48.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,499 (33.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>657 (6.2%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>750 (7.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>461 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>67 (0.6%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2080\"></span>2080\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,674\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>5,068 (47.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,681 (34.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>650 (6.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>739 (6.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>468 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>69 (0.7%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2085\"></span>2085\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,750\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,987 (46.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>3,851 (35.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>643 (6.0%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>726 (6.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>474 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>71 (0.7%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2090\"></span>2090\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,810\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,901 (45.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,008 (37.1%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>638 (5.9%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>711 (6.6%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>479 (4.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>72 (0.7%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2095\"></span>2095\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,852\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,812 (44.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,152 (38.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>634 (5.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>696 (6.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>485 (4.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>74 (0.7%)\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"anchor\" id=\"2100\"></span>2100\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td>10,875\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,719 (43.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>4,280 (39.4%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>630 (5.8%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>680 (6.3%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>491 (4.5%)\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>75 (0.7%)\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; display: inline-table; margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;\">\n",
" <caption>Starting at 500 million\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Population<br/><small>(in billions)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">0.5</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">1</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">2</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">4</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">8\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1500</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1804</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1927</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1974</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\"><i>2024</i>\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">Years elapsed\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">304</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">123</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">47</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\"><i>50</i>\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; display: inline-table; margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px;\">\n",
" <caption>Starting at 375 million\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <th>Population<br/><small>(in billions)</small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">0.375</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">0.75</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">1.5</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">3</th>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">6\n",
" </th></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>Year\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1171</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1715</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1881</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1960</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">1999\n",
" </td></tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th colspan=\"2\">Years elapsed\n",
" </th>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">544</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">166</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">79</td>\n",
" <td colspan=\"2\">39\n",
" </td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000\">\n",
" <tbody><tr>\n",
" <td class=\"mbox-image\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"noviewer\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-width=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"40\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" width=\"30\"/></td>\n",
" <td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a class=\"extiw\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:World_population_statistics\" title=\"commons:Category:World population statistics\"><span style=\"\">World population statistics</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>\n",
" </tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" style=\"background:#e6e6e6;\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r992953826\">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:\"[ \"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:\" ]\"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Population\" title=\"Template:Population\"><abbr style=\";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Population\" title=\"Template talk:Population\"><abbr style=\";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Population&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Global_human_population\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Global human population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Major topics</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Biocapacity\" title=\"Biocapacity\">Biocapacity</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world\" title=\"Demographics of the world\">Demographics of the world</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Optimum_population\" title=\"Optimum population\">Optimum population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_overpopulation\" title=\"Human overpopulation\">Overpopulation</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Malthusian_catastrophe\" title=\"Malthusian catastrophe\">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population\" title=\"Population\">Population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_ethics\" title=\"Population ethics\">Population ethics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_momentum\" title=\"Population momentum\">Population momentum</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Sustainable_development\" title=\"Sustainable development\">Sustainable development</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Reproductive_rights\" title=\"Reproductive rights\">Women's reproductive rights</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Zero_population_growth\" title=\"Zero population growth\">Zero population growth</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Biological and<br/>related topics</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Family_planning\" title=\"Family planning\">Family planning</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Matters#Pledge_two_or_fewer\" title=\"Population Matters\">Pledge two or fewer</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_population_planning\" title=\"Human population planning\">Human population planning</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/One-child_policy\" title=\"One-child policy\">One-child policy</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Two-child_policy\" title=\"Two-child policy\">Two-child policy</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_biology\" title=\"Population biology\">Population biology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_decline\" title=\"Population decline\">Population decline</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_density\" title=\"Population density\">Population density</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Physiological_density\" title=\"Physiological density\">Physiological density</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_dynamics\" title=\"Population dynamics\">Population dynamics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_growth\" title=\"Population growth\">Population growth</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_model\" title=\"Population model\">Population model</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_pyramid\" title=\"Population pyramid\">Population pyramid</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth\" title=\"Projections of population growth\">Projections of population growth</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Human impact on<br/>the environment</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Deforestation\" title=\"Deforestation\">Deforestation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Desalination\" title=\"Desalination\">Desalination</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Desertification\" title=\"Desertification\">Desertification</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Environmental impact</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture\" title=\"Environmental impact of agriculture\">of agriculture</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation\" title=\"Environmental impact of aviation\">of aviation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_biodiesel\" title=\"Environmental impact of biodiesel\">of biodiesel</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete\" title=\"Environmental impact of concrete\">of concrete</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation\" title=\"Environmental impact of electricity generation\">of electricity generation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the energy industry\">of the energy industry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing\" title=\"Environmental impact of fishing\">of fishing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation\" title=\"Environmental impact of irrigation\">of irrigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining\" title=\"Environmental impact of mining\">of mining</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Off-roading#Environmental_impact\" title=\"Off-roading\">of off-roading</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the oil shale industry\">of oil shale industry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil\" title=\"Social and environmental impact of palm oil\">of palm oil</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper\" title=\"Environmental impact of paper\">of paper</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the petroleum industry\">of the petroleum industry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs\" title=\"Environmental impact of reservoirs\">of reservoirs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping\" title=\"Environmental impact of shipping\">of shipping</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war\" title=\"Environmental impact of war\">of war</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Industrialisation\" title=\"Industrialisation\">Industrialisation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_degradation\" title=\"Land degradation\">Land degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_reclamation\" title=\"Land reclamation\">Land reclamation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overconsumption\" title=\"Overconsumption\">Overconsumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution\" title=\"Pollution\">Pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Quarry\" title=\"Quarry\">Quarrying</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbanization\" title=\"Urbanization\">Urbanization</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Green_belt\" title=\"Green belt\">Loss of green belts</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urban_sprawl\" title=\"Urban sprawl\">Urban sprawl</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Waste\" title=\"Waste\">Waste</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_scarcity\" title=\"Water scarcity\">Water scarcity</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Overdrafting\" title=\"Overdrafting\">Overdrafting</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\"><div style=\"display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;\"><a href=\"/wiki/Population_ecology\" title=\"Population ecology\">Population<br/>ecology</a></div></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Carrying_capacity#Humans\" title=\"Carrying capacity\">Carrying capacity</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Deep_ecology\" title=\"Deep ecology\">Deep ecology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Earth%27s_energy_budget\" title=\"Earth's energy budget\">Earth's energy budget</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Food_security\" title=\"Food security\">Food security</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Habitat_destruction\" title=\"Habitat destruction\">Habitat destruction</a></li>\n",
" <li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/I_%3D_PAT\" title=\"I = PAT\">I = P × A  × T</a></span></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kaya_identity\" title=\"Kaya identity\">Kaya identity</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Malthusian_growth_model\" title=\"Malthusian growth model\">Malthusian growth model</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overshoot_(population)\" title=\"Overshoot (population)\">Overshoot (population)</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_energy_consumption\" title=\"World energy consumption\">World energy consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_energy_resources\" title=\"World energy resources\">World energy resources</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World3\" title=\"World3\">World3 model</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Literature</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><i><a href=\"/wiki/A_Modest_Proposal\" title=\"A Modest Proposal\">A Modest Proposal</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Observations_Concerning_the_Increase_of_Mankind,_Peopling_of_Countries,_etc.\" title=\"Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.\">Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population\" title=\"An Essay on the Principle of Population\">An Essay on the Principle of Population</a></i></li>\n",
" <li>\"<a href=\"/wiki/How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F\" title=\"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\">How Much Land Does a Man Need?</a>\"</li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Operating_Manual_for_Spaceship_Earth\" title=\"Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth\">Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Control:_Real_Costs,_Illusory_Benefits\" title=\"Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits\">Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth\" title=\"The Limits to Growth\">The Limits to Growth</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Population_Bomb\" title=\"The Population Bomb\">The Population Bomb</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Skeptical_Environmentalist\" title=\"The Skeptical Environmentalist\">The Skeptical Environmentalist</a></i></li>\n",
" <li><i><a href=\"/wiki/The_Ultimate_Resource\" title=\"The Ultimate Resource\">The Ultimate Resource</a></i></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Publications</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-style:italic;\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_and_Environment\" title=\"Population and Environment\">Population and Environment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_and_Development_Review\" title=\"Population and Development Review\">Population and Development Review</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Lists</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country\" title=\"Population and housing censuses by country\">Population and housing censuses by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population\" title=\"List of metropolitan areas by population\">Metropolitan areas by population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_population_milestones\" title=\"World population milestones\">Population milestone babies</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\"><div style=\"display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;\">Events and<br/>organizations</div></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/7_Billion_Actions\" title=\"7 Billion Actions\">7 Billion Actions</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion\" title=\"Extinction Rebellion\">Extinction Rebellion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Conference_on_Population_and_Development\" title=\"International Conference on Population and Development\">International Conference on Population and Development</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Action_International\" title=\"Population Action International\">Population Action International</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Connection\" title=\"Population Connection\">Population Connection</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Matters\" title=\"Population Matters\">Population Matters</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Population_Research_Institute\" title=\"Population Research Institute\">Population Research Institute</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund\" title=\"United Nations Population Fund\">United Nations Population Fund</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinction_Movement\" title=\"Voluntary Human Extinction Movement\">Voluntary Human Extinction Movement</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_Population_Day\" title=\"World Population Day\">World Population Day</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_Population_Foundation\" title=\"World Population Foundation\">World Population Foundation</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%;background:#eee;\">Related topics</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse\" title=\"Classic Maya collapse\">Classic Maya collapse</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fertility_and_intelligence\" title=\"Fertility and intelligence\">Fertility and intelligence</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Green_Revolution\" title=\"Green Revolution\">Green Revolution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Holocene_extinction\" title=\"Holocene extinction\">Holocene extinction</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_migration\" title=\"Human migration\">Migration</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow hlist\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"background:#e6e6e6;\"><div>\n",
" <ul><li><img alt=\"Commons page\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-width=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Commons page\" width=\"12\"/> <b><a class=\"extiw\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation\" title=\"commons:Category:Human overpopulation\">Commons</a></b></li>\n",
" <li><img alt=\"Category\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"180\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation\" title=\"Category:Human overpopulation\">Human overpopulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Human_activities_with_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Category:Human activities with impact on the environment\">Human activities with impact on the environment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Human_migration\" title=\"Category:Human migration\">Human migration</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" style=\"background:#e8e8ff;\"><div id=\"Articles_related_to_the_world&amp;#039;s_population\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Articles related to the world's population</div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%\"><div style=\"padding:0px\">\n",
" <div aria-labelledby=\"Human_impact_on_the_environment\" class=\"navbox\" role=\"navigation\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Template:Human impact on the environment\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Template talk:Human impact on the environment\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Human_impact_on_the_environment\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Human impact on the environment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">General</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthropocene\" title=\"Anthropocene\">Anthropocene</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_issues\" title=\"Environmental issues\">Environmental issues</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues\" title=\"List of environmental issues\">list of issues</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Human impact</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life\" title=\"Human impact on marine life\">on marine life</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_global_issues\" title=\"List of global issues\">List of global issues</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment\" title=\"Environmental impact assessment\">Impact assessment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Planetary_boundaries\" title=\"Planetary boundaries\">Planetary boundaries</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Causes</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture\" title=\"Environmental impact of agriculture\">Agriculture</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation\" title=\"Environmental impact of irrigation\">irrigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production\" title=\"Environmental impact of meat production\">meat production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_cocoa_production\" title=\"Environmental effects of cocoa production\">cocoa production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil\" title=\"Social and environmental impact of palm oil\">palm oil</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the energy industry\">Energy industry</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Indirect_land_use_change_impacts_of_biofuels\" title=\"Indirect land use change impacts of biofuels\">biofuels</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_biodiesel\" title=\"Environmental impact of biodiesel\">biodiesel</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the coal industry\">coal</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power\" title=\"Environmental impact of nuclear power\">nuclear power</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the oil shale industry\">oil shale</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the petroleum industry\">petroleum</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs\" title=\"Environmental impact of reservoirs\">reservoirs</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Genetic_pollution\" title=\"Genetic pollution\">Genetic pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_crime\" title=\"Environmental crime\">Environmental crime</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Industrialisation\" title=\"Industrialisation\">Industrialisation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_use#Environment\" title=\"Land use\">Land use</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Manufacturing\" title=\"Manufacturing\">Manufacturing</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_agents\" title=\"Environmental impact of cleaning agents\">cleaning agents</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete\" title=\"Environmental impact of concrete\">concrete</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_plastics\" title=\"Environmental impact of plastics\">plastics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Impact_of_nanotechnology\" title=\"Impact of nanotechnology\">nanotechnology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paint\" title=\"Environmental impact of paint\">paint</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper\" title=\"Environmental impact of paper\">paper</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pesticides\" title=\"Environmental impact of pesticides\">pesticides</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products\" title=\"Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products\">pharmaceuticals and personal care</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Human_impacts_on_marine_life\" title=\"Human impacts on marine life\">Marine life</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing\" title=\"Environmental impact of fishing\">fishing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web\" title=\"Fishing down the food web\">fishing down the food web</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Marine_pollution\" title=\"Marine pollution\">marine pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overfishing\" title=\"Overfishing\">overfishing</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining\" title=\"Environmental impact of mining\">Mining</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overdrafting\" title=\"Overdrafting\">Overdrafting</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overexploitation\" title=\"Overexploitation\">Overexploitation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overgrazing\" title=\"Overgrazing\">Overgrazing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_overpopulation\" title=\"Human overpopulation\">Overpopulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Particulates\" title=\"Particulates\">Particulates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution\" title=\"Pollution\">Pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Quarry\" title=\"Quarry\">Quarrying</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs\" title=\"Environmental impact of reservoirs\">Reservoirs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism\" title=\"Impacts of tourism\">Tourism</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_transport\" title=\"Environmental impact of transport\">Transport</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation\" title=\"Environmental impact of aviation\">aviation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_roads\" title=\"Environmental impact of roads\">roads</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping\" title=\"Environmental impact of shipping\">shipping</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbanization\" title=\"Urbanization\">Urbanization</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Urban_sprawl\" title=\"Urban sprawl\">urban sprawl</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war\" title=\"Environmental impact of war\">War</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Effects</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Biodiversity_threats\" title=\"Biodiversity threats\">Biodiversity threats</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Biodiversity_loss\" title=\"Biodiversity loss\">biodiversity loss</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations\" title=\"Decline in amphibian populations\">decline in amphibian populations</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations\" title=\"Decline in insect populations\">decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change\" title=\"Climate change\">Climate change</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Global_warming\" title=\"Global warming\">global warming</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Runaway_climate_change\" title=\"Runaway climate change\">runaway climate change</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs\" title=\"Environmental issues with coral reefs\">Coral reefs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Deforestation\" title=\"Deforestation\">Deforestation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Defaunation\" title=\"Defaunation\">Defaunation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Desertification\" title=\"Desertification\">Desertification</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecocide\" title=\"Ecocide\">Ecocide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Erosion\" title=\"Erosion\">Erosion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_degradation\" title=\"Environmental degradation\">Environmental degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Freshwater_cycle\" title=\"Freshwater cycle\">Freshwater cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Habitat_destruction\" title=\"Habitat destruction\">Habitat destruction</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Holocene_extinction\" title=\"Holocene extinction\">Holocene extinction</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_nitrogen_cycle\" title=\"Human impact on the nitrogen cycle\">Nitrogen cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_degradation\" title=\"Land degradation\">Land degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_consumption\" title=\"Land consumption\">Land consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate\" title=\"Land surface effects on climate\">Land surface effects on climate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Green_belt\" title=\"Green belt\">Loss of green belts</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Phosphorus_cycle#Human_influences\" title=\"Phosphorus cycle\">Phosphorus cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ocean_acidification#Possible_impacts\" title=\"Ocean acidification\">Ocean acidification</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ozone_depletion\" title=\"Ozone depletion\">Ozone depletion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Resource_depletion\" title=\"Resource depletion\">Resource depletion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Water_degradation\" title=\"Water degradation\">Water degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_scarcity\" title=\"Water scarcity\">Water scarcity</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Mitigation</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle\" title=\"Alternative fuel vehicle\">Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Birth_control\" title=\"Birth control\">Birth control</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cleaner_production\" title=\"Cleaner production\">Cleaner production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation\" title=\"Climate change mitigation\">Climate change mitigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_engineering\" title=\"Climate engineering\">Climate engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Community_resilience\" title=\"Community resilience\">Community resilience</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Eco-economic_decoupling\" title=\"Eco-economic decoupling\">Decoupling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecological_engineering\" title=\"Ecological engineering\">Ecological engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_engineering\" title=\"Environmental engineering\">Environmental engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_mitigation\" title=\"Environmental mitigation\">Environmental mitigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Industrial_ecology\" title=\"Industrial ecology\">Industrial ecology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Mitigation_banking\" title=\"Mitigation banking\">Mitigation banking</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Organic_farming\" title=\"Organic farming\">Organic farming</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Recycling\" title=\"Recycling\">Recycling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Reforestation\" title=\"Reforestation\">Reforestation</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Urban_reforestation\" title=\"Urban reforestation\">urban</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Restoration_ecology\" title=\"Restoration ecology\">Restoration ecology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Sustainable_consumption\" title=\"Sustainable consumption\">Sustainable consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Waste_minimisation\" title=\"Waste minimisation\">Waste minimization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n",
" <ul><li> <img alt=\"Commons page\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-width=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Commons page\" width=\"12\"/> <b><a class=\"extiw\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact\" title=\"commons:Category:Environmental impact\">Commons</a></b></li>\n",
" <li> <img alt=\"Category\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"180\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_source\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact by source\">Category</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_country\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact by country\">by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_assessment\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact assessment\">assessment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_mitigation\" title=\"Category:Environmental mitigation\">mitigation</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n",
" <div aria-labelledby=\"Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" class=\"navbox\" role=\"navigation\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" title=\"Template:Lists of countries by population statistics\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" title=\"Template talk:Lists of countries by population statistics\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Lists_of_countries_and_territories\" title=\"Lists of countries and territories\">Lists of countries</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Demographic_statistics\" title=\"Demographic statistics\">population statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Global</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population\">Current population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world\" title=\"Demographics of the world\">Demographics of the world</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_continents_by_population\" title=\"List of continents by population\">Continents/subregions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of African countries by population\">Africa</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica\" title=\"Demographics of Antarctica\">Antarctica</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Asian countries by population\">Asia</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of European countries by population\">Europe</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_North_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of North American countries by population\">North America</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Caribbean countries by population\">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Oceanian countries by population\">Oceania</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of South American countries by population\">South America</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Intercontinental</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_population\" title=\"List of countries in the Americas by population\">Americas</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Arab_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Arab countries by population\">Arab world</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_by_population\" title=\"List of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations by population\">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Eurasian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Eurasian countries by population\">Eurasia</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_population\" title=\"List of European Union member states by population\">European Union</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population\" title=\"List of islands by population\">Islands</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Latin American countries by population\">Latin America</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Middle Eastern countries by population\">Middle East</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Cities/urban areas</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_largest_cities\" title=\"List of largest cities\">World cities</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population\" title=\"List of national capitals by population\">National capitals</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Megacity\" title=\"Megacity\">Megacities</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Megalopolis\" title=\"Megalopolis\">Megalopolises</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Past and future</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_projected_future_population\" title=\"List of countries by past and projected future population\">Past and future population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/World_population_estimates\" title=\"World population estimates\">World population estimates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_states_by_population_in_1_CE\" title=\"List of states by population in 1 CE\">1</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1000\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1000\">1000</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1500\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1500\">1500</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1600\">1600</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1700\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1700\">1700</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1800\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1800\">1800</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1900\">1900</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1907\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1907\">1907</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1939\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1939\">1939</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1989\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1989\">1989</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2000\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2000\">2000</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2005\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2005\">2005</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2010\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2010\">2010</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2015\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2015\">2015</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_population_milestones_by_country\" title=\"List of population milestones by country\">Population milestones</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Population_density\" title=\"Population density\">Population density</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population density\">Current density</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_population_density\" title=\"List of countries by past and future population density\">Past and future population density</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_population_density_based_on_food_growing_capacity\" title=\"List of countries by real population density based on food growing capacity\">Current real density based on food growing capacity</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Growth indicators</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate\" title=\"List of countries by population growth rate\">Population growth rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase\" title=\"List of countries by natural increase\">Natural increase</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate\">Birth rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_mortality_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by mortality rate\">Mortality rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate\">Fertility rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_fertility_rate\" title=\"List of countries by past fertility rate\">Past fertility rate</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Other <a href=\"/wiki/Demography\" title=\"Demography\">demographics</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_at_first_marriage\" title=\"List of countries by age at first marriage\">Age at first marriage</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_structure\" title=\"List of countries by age structure\">Age structure</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_dependency_ratio\" title=\"List of countries by dependency ratio\">Dependency ratio</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Divorce_demography\" title=\"Divorce demography\">Divorce rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level\" title=\"List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level\">Ethnic and cultural diversity level</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population\">Immigrant population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Linguistic_diversity_index\" title=\"Linguistic diversity index\">Linguistic diversity</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age\" title=\"List of countries by median age\">Median age</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_net_migration_rate\" title=\"List of countries by net migration rate\">Net migration rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households\" title=\"List of countries by number of households\">Number of households</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio\" title=\"List of countries by sex ratio\">Sex ratio</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_urban_population\" title=\"List of countries by urban population\">Urban population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbanization_by_country\" title=\"Urbanization by country\">Urbanization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Health\" title=\"Health\">Health</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_antidepressant_consumption\" title=\"List of countries by antidepressant consumption\">Antidepressant consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Stockpiling_antiviral_medications_for_pandemic_influenza\" title=\"Stockpiling antiviral medications for pandemic influenza\">Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate\" title=\"List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate\">HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates\" title=\"List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates\">Infant and under-five mortality rates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_rate\" title=\"List of countries by maternal mortality rate\">Maternal mortality rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy\" title=\"List of countries by life expectancy\">Life expectancy</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_obesity_rate\" title=\"List of countries by obesity rate\">Obesity rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_life_expectancy\" title=\"List of countries by past life expectancy\">Past life expectancy</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_suffering_from_undernourishment\" title=\"List of countries by percentage of population suffering from undernourishment\">Percentage suffering from undernourishment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_OECD_health_expenditure_by_country_by_type_of_financing\" title=\"List of OECD health expenditure by country by type of financing\">Health expenditure by country by type of financing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate\" title=\"List of countries by suicide rate\">Suicide rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by total health expenditure per capita\">Total health expenditure per capita</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index\" title=\"List of countries by body mass index\">Body mass index</a> (BMI)</li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Education and innovation</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Bloomberg_Innovation_Index\" title=\"Bloomberg Innovation Index\">Bloomberg Innovation Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Education_Index\" title=\"Education Index\">Education Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Innovation_Index\" title=\"International Innovation Index\">International Innovation Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate\" title=\"List of countries by literacy rate\">Literacy rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies\" title=\"Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies\">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Progress_in_International_Reading_Literacy_Study\" title=\"Progress in International Reading Literacy Study\">Progress in International Reading Literacy Study</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_student_skills\" title=\"List of countries by student skills\">Student skills</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment\" title=\"List of countries by tertiary education attainment\">Tertiary education attainment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Trends_in_International_Mathematics_and_Science_Study\" title=\"Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study\">Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators\" title=\"World Intellectual Property Indicators\">World Intellectual Property Indicators</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Demographic_economics\" title=\"Demographic economics\">Economic</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_population_with_access_to_financial_services\" title=\"List of countries by share of population with access to financial services\">Access to financial services</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_development_aid_country_donors\" title=\"List of development aid country donors\">Development aid given</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Official_Development_Assistance_received\" title=\"List of countries by Official Development Assistance received\">Official Development Assistance received</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_employment_rate\" title=\"List of countries by employment rate\">Employment rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area\" title=\"List of countries by irrigated land area\">Irrigated land area</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Development_Index\" title=\"Human Development Index\">Human Development Index</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index\" title=\"List of countries by Human Development Index\">by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI\" title=\"List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI\">inequality-adjusted</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_planetary_pressures%E2%80%93adjusted_HDI\" title=\"List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted HDI\">planetary pressures–adjusted HDI</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index\" title=\"Human Poverty Index\">Human Poverty Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports\" title=\"List of countries by imports\">Imports</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality\" title=\"List of countries by income equality\">Income equality</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force\" title=\"List of countries by labour force\">Labour force</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_income_of_the_richest_one_percent\" title=\"List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent\">Share of income of top 1%</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_millionaires\" title=\"List of countries by the number of millionaires\">Number of millionaires (US dollars)</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires\" title=\"List of countries by the number of billionaires\">Number of billionaires (US dollars)</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty\" title=\"List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty\">Percentage living in poverty</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_sector\" title=\"List of countries by public sector\">Public sector</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate\" title=\"List of countries by unemployment rate\">Unemployment rate</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div><div class=\"hlist\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_international_rankings\" title=\"List of international rankings\">List of international rankings</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_top_international_rankings_by_country\" title=\"List of top international rankings by country\">List of top international rankings by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Lists_by_country\" title=\"Lists by country\">Lists by country</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n",
" <div aria-labelledby=\"Hierarchy_of_life\" class=\"navbox\" role=\"navigation\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Biological_organisation\" title=\"Template:Biological organisation\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Biological_organisation\" title=\"Template talk:Biological organisation\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biological_organisation&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Hierarchy_of_life\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Biological_organisation\" title=\"Biological organisation\">Hierarchy of life</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><span class=\"wrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Biosphere\" title=\"Biosphere\">Biosphere</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biome\" title=\"Biome\">Biome</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Ecosystem\" title=\"Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a> &gt; <a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Biocenosis\" title=\"Biocenosis\">Biocenosis</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Population\" title=\"Population\">Population</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organism\" title=\"Organism\">Organism</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biological_system\" title=\"Biological system\">Organ system</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)\" title=\"Organ (anatomy)\">Organ</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Tissue_(biology)\" title=\"Tissue (biology)\">Tissue</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Cell_(biology)\" title=\"Cell (biology)\">Cell</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organelle\" title=\"Organelle\">Organelle</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Macromolecular_assembly\" title=\"Macromolecular assembly\">Biomolecular complex</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Macromolecule\" title=\"Macromolecule\">Macromolecule</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biomolecule\" title=\"Biomolecule\">Biomolecule</a></span></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n",
" <div aria-labelledby=\"Globalization\" class=\"navbox\" role=\"navigation\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Globalization\" title=\"Template:Globalization\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Globalization\" title=\"Template talk:Globalization\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Globalization&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Globalization\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Globalization\" title=\"Globalization\">Globalization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"*_Journals_*_Outline&amp;#124;16x16px&amp;#124;link=_Outline_*_Studies\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_globalization-related_journals\" title=\"List of globalization-related journals\">Journals</a></li>\n",
" <li><img alt=\"Outline\" data-file-height=\"200\" data-file-width=\"130\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Outline\" width=\"10\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Outline_of_globalization\" title=\"Outline of globalization\">Outline</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_studies\" title=\"Global studies\">Studies</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Aspects</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alter-globalization\" title=\"Alter-globalization\">Alter-globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement\" title=\"Anti-globalization movement\">Anti-globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cultural_globalization\" title=\"Cultural globalization\">Cultural globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Deglobalization\" title=\"Deglobalization\">Deglobalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_globalization\" title=\"Democratic globalization\">Democratic globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_globalization\" title=\"Economic globalization\">Economic globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_globalization\" title=\"Environmental globalization\">Environmental globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_financial_system\" title=\"Global financial system\">Financial globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_citizenship\" title=\"Global citizenship\">Global citizenship</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_citizenship_education\" title=\"Global citizenship education\">education</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_governance\" title=\"Global governance\">Global governance</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_politics\" title=\"Global politics\">Global politics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_health\" title=\"Global health\">Global health</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_globalization\" title=\"History of globalization\">History of</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Archaic_globalization\" title=\"Archaic globalization\">archaic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Proto-globalization\" title=\"Proto-globalization\">early modern</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Military_globalization\" title=\"Military globalization\">Military globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Political_globalization\" title=\"Political globalization\">Political globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Trade_globalization\" title=\"Trade globalization\">Trade globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_workforce\" title=\"Global workforce\">Workforce globalization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Issues</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class=\"nobold\">Global</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change\" title=\"Climate change\">Climate change</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_justice\" title=\"Climate justice\">Climate justice</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Globalization_and_disease\" title=\"Globalization and disease\">Disease</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_digital_divide\" title=\"Global digital divide\">Digital divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_labor_arbitrage\" title=\"Global labor arbitrage\">Labor arbitrage</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_haven\" title=\"Tax haven\">Tax havens</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre\" title=\"Offshore financial centre\">Offshore financial centres</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_inversion\" title=\"Tax inversion\">Tax inversions</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_security\" title=\"Water security\">Water crisis</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Other</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_capital_flight\" title=\"Human capital flight\">Brain drain</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Reverse_brain_drain\" title=\"Reverse brain drain\">reverse</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Care_drain\" title=\"Care drain\">Care drain</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Development_aid\" title=\"Development aid\">Development aid</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_inequality\" title=\"Economic inequality\">Economic inequality</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Endangered_language\" title=\"Endangered language\">Endangered languages</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fair_trade\" title=\"Fair trade\">Fair trade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Forced_displacement\" title=\"Forced displacement\">Forced displacement</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights\" title=\"Human rights\">Human rights</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Illicit_financial_flows\" title=\"Illicit financial flows\">Illicit financial flows</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Imperialism\" title=\"Imperialism\">Imperialism</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Academic_imperialism\" title=\"Academic imperialism\">academic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cultural_imperialism\" title=\"Cultural imperialism\">cultural</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism\" title=\"Linguistic imperialism\">linguistic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Media_imperialism\" title=\"Media imperialism\">media</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Scientific_imperialism\" title=\"Scientific imperialism\">scientific</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_imperialism\" title=\"Social imperialism\">social</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Invasive_species\" title=\"Invasive species\">Invasive species</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Investor-state_dispute_settlement\" title=\"Investor-state dispute settlement\">Investor-state disputes</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Leprechaun_economics\" title=\"Leprechaun economics\">Leprechaun economics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/McDonaldization\" title=\"McDonaldization\">McDonaldization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/New_international_division_of_labour\" title=\"New international division of labour\">New international division of labour</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_the_World\" title=\"North–South divide in the World\">North–South divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshoring\" title=\"Offshoring\">Offshoring</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Race_to_the_bottom\" title=\"Race to the bottom\">Race to the bottom</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesis\" title=\"Pollution haven hypothesis\">pollution havens</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime\" title=\"Transnational organized crime\">Transnational crime</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Westernization\" title=\"Westernization\">Westernization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_war\" title=\"World war\">World war</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Theories</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Capital_accumulation\" title=\"Capital accumulation\">Capital accumulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Dependency_theory\" title=\"Dependency theory\">Dependency</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Development_theory\" title=\"Development theory\">Development</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Earth_system_science\" title=\"Earth system science\">Earth system</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fiscal_localism\" title=\"Fiscal localism\">Fiscal localism</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Modernization_theory\" title=\"Modernization theory\">Modernization</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecological_modernization\" title=\"Ecological modernization\">ecological</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_modernisation_theory\" title=\"History of modernisation theory\">history of</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital\" title=\"Primitive accumulation of capital\">Primitive accumulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_change\" title=\"Social change\">Social change</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_history\" title=\"World history\">World history</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World-systems_theory\" title=\"World-systems theory\">World-systems</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Notable<br/>scholars</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Economics</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ravi_Batra\" title=\"Ravi Batra\">Ravi Batra</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati\" title=\"Jagdish Bhagwati\">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Brenner\" title=\"Robert Brenner\">Robert Brenner</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jayati_Ghosh\" title=\"Jayati Ghosh\">Jayati Ghosh</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)\" title=\"Michael Hudson (economist)\">Michael Hudson</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Branko_Milanovi%C4%87\" title=\"Branko Milanović\">Branko Milanović</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kevin_O%27Rourke\" title=\"Kevin O'Rourke\">Kevin O'Rourke</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Piketty\" title=\"Thomas Piketty\">Thomas Piketty</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Dani_Rodrik\" title=\"Dani Rodrik\">Dani Rodrik</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs\" title=\"Jeffrey Sachs\">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz\" title=\"Joseph Stiglitz\">Joseph Stiglitz</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Political <br/>economy</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Samir_Amin\" title=\"Samir Amin\">Samir Amin</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Arrighi\" title=\"Giovanni Arrighi\">Giovanni Arrighi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_W._Cox\" title=\"Robert W. Cox\">Robert W. Cox</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Andre_Gunder_Frank\" title=\"Andre Gunder Frank\">Andre Gunder Frank</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Stephen_Gill_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Stephen Gill (political scientist)\">Stephen Gill</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Gowan\" title=\"Peter Gowan\">Peter Gowan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Harvey\" title=\"David Harvey\">David Harvey</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ronen_Palan\" title=\"Ronen Palan\">Ronen Palan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_Strange\" title=\"Susan Strange\">Susan Strange</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)\" title=\"Robert Wade (scholar)\">Robert Wade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman\" title=\"Gabriel Zucman\">Gabriel Zucman</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Politics / <br/> sociology</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Arjun_Appadurai\" title=\"Arjun Appadurai\">Arjun Appadurai</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi\" title=\"Daniele Archibugi\">Daniele Archibugi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah\" title=\"Kwame Anthony Appiah\">K. Anthony Appiah</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ulrich_Beck\" title=\"Ulrich Beck\">Ulrich Beck</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Walden_Bello\" title=\"Walden Bello\">Walden Bello</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard\" title=\"Jean Baudrillard\">Jean Baudrillard</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman\" title=\"Zygmunt Bauman\">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Manuel_Castells\" title=\"Manuel Castells\">Manuel Castells</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Christopher_Chase-Dunn\" title=\"Christopher Chase-Dunn\">Christopher Chase-Dunn</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_W._Crosby\" title=\"Alfred W. Crosby\">Alfred Crosby</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Nancy_Fraser\" title=\"Nancy Fraser\">Nancy Fraser</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_George_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Susan George (political scientist)\">Susan George</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Giddens\" title=\"Anthony Giddens\">Anthony Giddens</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hardt\" title=\"Michael Hardt\">Michael Hardt</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Held\" title=\"David Held\">David Held</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Hirst\" title=\"Paul Hirst\">Paul Hirst</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/L._H._M._Ling\" title=\"L. H. M. Ling\">L. H. M. Ling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Antonio_Negri\" title=\"Antonio Negri\">Antonio Negri</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Ritzer\" title=\"George Ritzer\">George Ritzer</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Saskia_Sassen\" title=\"Saskia Sassen\">Saskia Sassen</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Urry_(sociologist)\" title=\"John Urry (sociologist)\">John Urry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein\" title=\"Immanuel Wallerstein\">Immanuel Wallerstein</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Non–academic</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Noam_Chomsky\" title=\"Noam Chomsky\">Noam Chomsky</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Friedman\" title=\"Thomas Friedman\">Thomas Friedman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Naomi_Klein\" title=\"Naomi Klein\">Naomi Klein</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul\" title=\"John Ralston Saul\">John R. Saul</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Vandana_Shiva\" title=\"Vandana Shiva\">Vandana Shiva</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n",
" <ul><li><img alt=\"Category\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"180\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Globalization\" title=\"Category:Globalization\">Category</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"image\" href=\"/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg\"><img alt=\"Emblem-money.svg\" class=\"noviewer\" data-file-height=\"48\" data-file-width=\"48\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"28\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x\" width=\"28\"/></a> <a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Business\" title=\"Portal:Business\">Business portal</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Template:Human impact on the environment\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Template talk:Human impact on the environment\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Human_impact_on_the_environment\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Human impact on the environment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">General</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthropocene\" title=\"Anthropocene\">Anthropocene</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_issues\" title=\"Environmental issues\">Environmental issues</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues\" title=\"List of environmental issues\">list of issues</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment\" title=\"Human impact on the environment\">Human impact</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life\" title=\"Human impact on marine life\">on marine life</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_global_issues\" title=\"List of global issues\">List of global issues</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment\" title=\"Environmental impact assessment\">Impact assessment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Planetary_boundaries\" title=\"Planetary boundaries\">Planetary boundaries</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Causes</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture\" title=\"Environmental impact of agriculture\">Agriculture</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation\" title=\"Environmental impact of irrigation\">irrigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production\" title=\"Environmental impact of meat production\">meat production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_cocoa_production\" title=\"Environmental effects of cocoa production\">cocoa production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil\" title=\"Social and environmental impact of palm oil\">palm oil</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the energy industry\">Energy industry</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Indirect_land_use_change_impacts_of_biofuels\" title=\"Indirect land use change impacts of biofuels\">biofuels</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_biodiesel\" title=\"Environmental impact of biodiesel\">biodiesel</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the coal industry\">coal</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power\" title=\"Environmental impact of nuclear power\">nuclear power</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the oil shale industry\">oil shale</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry\" title=\"Environmental impact of the petroleum industry\">petroleum</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs\" title=\"Environmental impact of reservoirs\">reservoirs</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Genetic_pollution\" title=\"Genetic pollution\">Genetic pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_crime\" title=\"Environmental crime\">Environmental crime</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Industrialisation\" title=\"Industrialisation\">Industrialisation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_use#Environment\" title=\"Land use\">Land use</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Manufacturing\" title=\"Manufacturing\">Manufacturing</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_agents\" title=\"Environmental impact of cleaning agents\">cleaning agents</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete\" title=\"Environmental impact of concrete\">concrete</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_plastics\" title=\"Environmental impact of plastics\">plastics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Impact_of_nanotechnology\" title=\"Impact of nanotechnology\">nanotechnology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paint\" title=\"Environmental impact of paint\">paint</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper\" title=\"Environmental impact of paper\">paper</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pesticides\" title=\"Environmental impact of pesticides\">pesticides</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products\" title=\"Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products\">pharmaceuticals and personal care</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Human_impacts_on_marine_life\" title=\"Human impacts on marine life\">Marine life</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing\" title=\"Environmental impact of fishing\">fishing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web\" title=\"Fishing down the food web\">fishing down the food web</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Marine_pollution\" title=\"Marine pollution\">marine pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overfishing\" title=\"Overfishing\">overfishing</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining\" title=\"Environmental impact of mining\">Mining</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overdrafting\" title=\"Overdrafting\">Overdrafting</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overexploitation\" title=\"Overexploitation\">Overexploitation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Overgrazing\" title=\"Overgrazing\">Overgrazing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_overpopulation\" title=\"Human overpopulation\">Overpopulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Particulates\" title=\"Particulates\">Particulates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution\" title=\"Pollution\">Pollution</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Quarry\" title=\"Quarry\">Quarrying</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs\" title=\"Environmental impact of reservoirs\">Reservoirs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism\" title=\"Impacts of tourism\">Tourism</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_transport\" title=\"Environmental impact of transport\">Transport</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation\" title=\"Environmental impact of aviation\">aviation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_roads\" title=\"Environmental impact of roads\">roads</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping\" title=\"Environmental impact of shipping\">shipping</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbanization\" title=\"Urbanization\">Urbanization</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Urban_sprawl\" title=\"Urban sprawl\">urban sprawl</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war\" title=\"Environmental impact of war\">War</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Effects</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Biodiversity_threats\" title=\"Biodiversity threats\">Biodiversity threats</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Biodiversity_loss\" title=\"Biodiversity loss\">biodiversity loss</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations\" title=\"Decline in amphibian populations\">decline in amphibian populations</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations\" title=\"Decline in insect populations\">decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change\" title=\"Climate change\">Climate change</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Global_warming\" title=\"Global warming\">global warming</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Runaway_climate_change\" title=\"Runaway climate change\">runaway climate change</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs\" title=\"Environmental issues with coral reefs\">Coral reefs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Deforestation\" title=\"Deforestation\">Deforestation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Defaunation\" title=\"Defaunation\">Defaunation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Desertification\" title=\"Desertification\">Desertification</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecocide\" title=\"Ecocide\">Ecocide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Erosion\" title=\"Erosion\">Erosion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_degradation\" title=\"Environmental degradation\">Environmental degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Freshwater_cycle\" title=\"Freshwater cycle\">Freshwater cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Habitat_destruction\" title=\"Habitat destruction\">Habitat destruction</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Holocene_extinction\" title=\"Holocene extinction\">Holocene extinction</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_nitrogen_cycle\" title=\"Human impact on the nitrogen cycle\">Nitrogen cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_degradation\" title=\"Land degradation\">Land degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_consumption\" title=\"Land consumption\">Land consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate\" title=\"Land surface effects on climate\">Land surface effects on climate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Green_belt\" title=\"Green belt\">Loss of green belts</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Phosphorus_cycle#Human_influences\" title=\"Phosphorus cycle\">Phosphorus cycle</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ocean_acidification#Possible_impacts\" title=\"Ocean acidification\">Ocean acidification</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ozone_depletion\" title=\"Ozone depletion\">Ozone depletion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Resource_depletion\" title=\"Resource depletion\">Resource depletion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Water_degradation\" title=\"Water degradation\">Water degradation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_scarcity\" title=\"Water scarcity\">Water scarcity</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Mitigation</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle\" title=\"Alternative fuel vehicle\">Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Birth_control\" title=\"Birth control\">Birth control</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cleaner_production\" title=\"Cleaner production\">Cleaner production</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation\" title=\"Climate change mitigation\">Climate change mitigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_engineering\" title=\"Climate engineering\">Climate engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Community_resilience\" title=\"Community resilience\">Community resilience</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Eco-economic_decoupling\" title=\"Eco-economic decoupling\">Decoupling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecological_engineering\" title=\"Ecological engineering\">Ecological engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_engineering\" title=\"Environmental engineering\">Environmental engineering</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_mitigation\" title=\"Environmental mitigation\">Environmental mitigation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Industrial_ecology\" title=\"Industrial ecology\">Industrial ecology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Mitigation_banking\" title=\"Mitigation banking\">Mitigation banking</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Organic_farming\" title=\"Organic farming\">Organic farming</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Recycling\" title=\"Recycling\">Recycling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Reforestation\" title=\"Reforestation\">Reforestation</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Urban_reforestation\" title=\"Urban reforestation\">urban</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Restoration_ecology\" title=\"Restoration ecology\">Restoration ecology</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Sustainable_consumption\" title=\"Sustainable consumption\">Sustainable consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Waste_minimisation\" title=\"Waste minimisation\">Waste minimization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n",
" <ul><li> <img alt=\"Commons page\" data-file-height=\"1376\" data-file-width=\"1024\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Commons page\" width=\"12\"/> <b><a class=\"extiw\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact\" title=\"commons:Category:Environmental impact\">Commons</a></b></li>\n",
" <li> <img alt=\"Category\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"180\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_source\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact by source\">Category</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_country\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact by country\">by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_assessment\" title=\"Category:Environmental impact assessment\">assessment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Category:Environmental_mitigation\" title=\"Category:Environmental mitigation\">mitigation</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" title=\"Template:Lists of countries by population statistics\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" title=\"Template talk:Lists of countries by population statistics\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Lists_of_countries_and_territories\" title=\"Lists of countries and territories\">Lists of countries</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Demographic_statistics\" title=\"Demographic statistics\">population statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Global</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population\">Current population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world\" title=\"Demographics of the world\">Demographics of the world</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_continents_by_population\" title=\"List of continents by population\">Continents/subregions</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of African countries by population\">Africa</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Demographics_of_Antarctica\" title=\"Demographics of Antarctica\">Antarctica</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Asian countries by population\">Asia</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of European countries by population\">Europe</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_North_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of North American countries by population\">North America</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Caribbean countries by population\">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Oceanian countries by population\">Oceania</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of South American countries by population\">South America</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Intercontinental</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_population\" title=\"List of countries in the Americas by population\">Americas</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Arab_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Arab countries by population\">Arab world</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_by_population\" title=\"List of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations by population\">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Eurasian_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Eurasian countries by population\">Eurasia</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_population\" title=\"List of European Union member states by population\">European Union</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population\" title=\"List of islands by population\">Islands</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Latin American countries by population\">Latin America</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population\" title=\"List of Middle Eastern countries by population\">Middle East</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Cities/urban areas</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_largest_cities\" title=\"List of largest cities\">World cities</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population\" title=\"List of national capitals by population\">National capitals</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Megacity\" title=\"Megacity\">Megacities</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Megalopolis\" title=\"Megalopolis\">Megalopolises</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Past and future</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_projected_future_population\" title=\"List of countries by past and projected future population\">Past and future population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/World_population_estimates\" title=\"World population estimates\">World population estimates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_states_by_population_in_1_CE\" title=\"List of states by population in 1 CE\">1</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1000\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1000\">1000</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1500\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1500\">1500</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1600\">1600</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1700\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1700\">1700</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1800\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1800\">1800</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1900\">1900</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1907\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1907\">1907</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1939\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1939\">1939</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1989\" title=\"List of countries by population in 1989\">1989</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2000\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2000\">2000</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2005\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2005\">2005</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2010\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2010\">2010</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2015\" title=\"List of countries by population in 2015\">2015</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_population_milestones_by_country\" title=\"List of population milestones by country\">Population milestones</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Population_density\" title=\"Population density\">Population density</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density\" title=\"List of countries and dependencies by population density\">Current density</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_population_density\" title=\"List of countries by past and future population density\">Past and future population density</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_population_density_based_on_food_growing_capacity\" title=\"List of countries by real population density based on food growing capacity\">Current real density based on food growing capacity</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Growth indicators</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate\" title=\"List of countries by population growth rate\">Population growth rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase\" title=\"List of countries by natural increase\">Natural increase</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate\">Birth rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_mortality_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by mortality rate\">Mortality rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate\">Fertility rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_fertility_rate\" title=\"List of countries by past fertility rate\">Past fertility rate</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Other <a href=\"/wiki/Demography\" title=\"Demography\">demographics</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_at_first_marriage\" title=\"List of countries by age at first marriage\">Age at first marriage</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_structure\" title=\"List of countries by age structure\">Age structure</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_dependency_ratio\" title=\"List of countries by dependency ratio\">Dependency ratio</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Divorce_demography\" title=\"Divorce demography\">Divorce rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level\" title=\"List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level\">Ethnic and cultural diversity level</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population\" title=\"List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population\">Immigrant population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Linguistic_diversity_index\" title=\"Linguistic diversity index\">Linguistic diversity</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age\" title=\"List of countries by median age\">Median age</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_net_migration_rate\" title=\"List of countries by net migration rate\">Net migration rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households\" title=\"List of countries by number of households\">Number of households</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio\" title=\"List of countries by sex ratio\">Sex ratio</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_urban_population\" title=\"List of countries by urban population\">Urban population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Urbanization_by_country\" title=\"Urbanization by country\">Urbanization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Health\" title=\"Health\">Health</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_antidepressant_consumption\" title=\"List of countries by antidepressant consumption\">Antidepressant consumption</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Stockpiling_antiviral_medications_for_pandemic_influenza\" title=\"Stockpiling antiviral medications for pandemic influenza\">Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate\" title=\"List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate\">HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates\" title=\"List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates\">Infant and under-five mortality rates</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_rate\" title=\"List of countries by maternal mortality rate\">Maternal mortality rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy\" title=\"List of countries by life expectancy\">Life expectancy</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_obesity_rate\" title=\"List of countries by obesity rate\">Obesity rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_life_expectancy\" title=\"List of countries by past life expectancy\">Past life expectancy</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_suffering_from_undernourishment\" title=\"List of countries by percentage of population suffering from undernourishment\">Percentage suffering from undernourishment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_OECD_health_expenditure_by_country_by_type_of_financing\" title=\"List of OECD health expenditure by country by type of financing\">Health expenditure by country by type of financing</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate\" title=\"List of countries by suicide rate\">Suicide rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita\" title=\"List of countries by total health expenditure per capita\">Total health expenditure per capita</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index\" title=\"List of countries by body mass index\">Body mass index</a> (BMI)</li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Education and innovation</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Bloomberg_Innovation_Index\" title=\"Bloomberg Innovation Index\">Bloomberg Innovation Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Education_Index\" title=\"Education Index\">Education Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/International_Innovation_Index\" title=\"International Innovation Index\">International Innovation Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate\" title=\"List of countries by literacy rate\">Literacy rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies\" title=\"Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies\">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Progress_in_International_Reading_Literacy_Study\" title=\"Progress in International Reading Literacy Study\">Progress in International Reading Literacy Study</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_student_skills\" title=\"List of countries by student skills\">Student skills</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment\" title=\"List of countries by tertiary education attainment\">Tertiary education attainment</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Trends_in_International_Mathematics_and_Science_Study\" title=\"Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study\">Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators\" title=\"World Intellectual Property Indicators\">World Intellectual Property Indicators</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Demographic_economics\" title=\"Demographic economics\">Economic</a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_population_with_access_to_financial_services\" title=\"List of countries by share of population with access to financial services\">Access to financial services</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_development_aid_country_donors\" title=\"List of development aid country donors\">Development aid given</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Official_Development_Assistance_received\" title=\"List of countries by Official Development Assistance received\">Official Development Assistance received</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_employment_rate\" title=\"List of countries by employment rate\">Employment rate</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area\" title=\"List of countries by irrigated land area\">Irrigated land area</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Development_Index\" title=\"Human Development Index\">Human Development Index</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index\" title=\"List of countries by Human Development Index\">by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI\" title=\"List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI\">inequality-adjusted</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_planetary_pressures%E2%80%93adjusted_HDI\" title=\"List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted HDI\">planetary pressures–adjusted HDI</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index\" title=\"Human Poverty Index\">Human Poverty Index</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports\" title=\"List of countries by imports\">Imports</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality\" title=\"List of countries by income equality\">Income equality</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force\" title=\"List of countries by labour force\">Labour force</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_income_of_the_richest_one_percent\" title=\"List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent\">Share of income of top 1%</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_millionaires\" title=\"List of countries by the number of millionaires\">Number of millionaires (US dollars)</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires\" title=\"List of countries by the number of billionaires\">Number of billionaires (US dollars)</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty\" title=\"List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty\">Percentage living in poverty</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_sector\" title=\"List of countries by public sector\">Public sector</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate\" title=\"List of countries by unemployment rate\">Unemployment rate</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div><div class=\"hlist\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_international_rankings\" title=\"List of international rankings\">List of international rankings</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_top_international_rankings_by_country\" title=\"List of top international rankings by country\">List of top international rankings by country</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Lists_by_country\" title=\"Lists by country\">Lists by country</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Biological_organisation\" title=\"Template:Biological organisation\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Biological_organisation\" title=\"Template talk:Biological organisation\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biological_organisation&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Hierarchy_of_life\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Biological_organisation\" title=\"Biological organisation\">Hierarchy of life</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><span class=\"wrap\"><a href=\"/wiki/Biosphere\" title=\"Biosphere\">Biosphere</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biome\" title=\"Biome\">Biome</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Ecosystem\" title=\"Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a> &gt; <a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/Biocenosis\" title=\"Biocenosis\">Biocenosis</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Population\" title=\"Population\">Population</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organism\" title=\"Organism\">Organism</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biological_system\" title=\"Biological system\">Organ system</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)\" title=\"Organ (anatomy)\">Organ</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Tissue_(biology)\" title=\"Tissue (biology)\">Tissue</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Cell_(biology)\" title=\"Cell (biology)\">Cell</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Organelle\" title=\"Organelle\">Organelle</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Macromolecular_assembly\" title=\"Macromolecular assembly\">Biomolecular complex</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Macromolecule\" title=\"Macromolecule\">Macromolecule</a> &gt; <a href=\"/wiki/Biomolecule\" title=\"Biomolecule\">Biomolecule</a></span></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><div class=\"navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini\"><ul><li class=\"nv-view\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template:Globalization\" title=\"Template:Globalization\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"View this template\">v</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-talk\"><a href=\"/wiki/Template_talk:Globalization\" title=\"Template talk:Globalization\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Discuss this template\">t</abbr></a></li><li class=\"nv-edit\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Globalization&amp;action=edit\"><abbr style=\";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;\" title=\"Edit this template\">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id=\"Globalization\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"/wiki/Globalization\" title=\"Globalization\">Globalization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"*_Journals_*_Outline&amp;#124;16x16px&amp;#124;link=_Outline_*_Studies\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_globalization-related_journals\" title=\"List of globalization-related journals\">Journals</a></li>\n",
" <li><img alt=\"Outline\" data-file-height=\"200\" data-file-width=\"130\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Outline\" width=\"10\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Outline_of_globalization\" title=\"Outline of globalization\">Outline</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_studies\" title=\"Global studies\">Studies</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Aspects</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Alter-globalization\" title=\"Alter-globalization\">Alter-globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement\" title=\"Anti-globalization movement\">Anti-globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cultural_globalization\" title=\"Cultural globalization\">Cultural globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Deglobalization\" title=\"Deglobalization\">Deglobalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Democratic_globalization\" title=\"Democratic globalization\">Democratic globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_globalization\" title=\"Economic globalization\">Economic globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_globalization\" title=\"Environmental globalization\">Environmental globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_financial_system\" title=\"Global financial system\">Financial globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_citizenship\" title=\"Global citizenship\">Global citizenship</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_citizenship_education\" title=\"Global citizenship education\">education</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_governance\" title=\"Global governance\">Global governance</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_politics\" title=\"Global politics\">Global politics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_health\" title=\"Global health\">Global health</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_globalization\" title=\"History of globalization\">History of</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Archaic_globalization\" title=\"Archaic globalization\">archaic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Proto-globalization\" title=\"Proto-globalization\">early modern</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Military_globalization\" title=\"Military globalization\">Military globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Political_globalization\" title=\"Political globalization\">Political globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Trade_globalization\" title=\"Trade globalization\">Trade globalization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_workforce\" title=\"Global workforce\">Workforce globalization</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Issues</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class=\"nobold\">Global</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change\" title=\"Climate change\">Climate change</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_justice\" title=\"Climate justice\">Climate justice</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Globalization_and_disease\" title=\"Globalization and disease\">Disease</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_digital_divide\" title=\"Global digital divide\">Digital divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_labor_arbitrage\" title=\"Global labor arbitrage\">Labor arbitrage</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_haven\" title=\"Tax haven\">Tax havens</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre\" title=\"Offshore financial centre\">Offshore financial centres</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_inversion\" title=\"Tax inversion\">Tax inversions</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_security\" title=\"Water security\">Water crisis</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Other</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_capital_flight\" title=\"Human capital flight\">Brain drain</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Reverse_brain_drain\" title=\"Reverse brain drain\">reverse</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Care_drain\" title=\"Care drain\">Care drain</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Development_aid\" title=\"Development aid\">Development aid</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_inequality\" title=\"Economic inequality\">Economic inequality</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Endangered_language\" title=\"Endangered language\">Endangered languages</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fair_trade\" title=\"Fair trade\">Fair trade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Forced_displacement\" title=\"Forced displacement\">Forced displacement</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights\" title=\"Human rights\">Human rights</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Illicit_financial_flows\" title=\"Illicit financial flows\">Illicit financial flows</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Imperialism\" title=\"Imperialism\">Imperialism</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Academic_imperialism\" title=\"Academic imperialism\">academic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cultural_imperialism\" title=\"Cultural imperialism\">cultural</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism\" title=\"Linguistic imperialism\">linguistic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Media_imperialism\" title=\"Media imperialism\">media</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Scientific_imperialism\" title=\"Scientific imperialism\">scientific</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_imperialism\" title=\"Social imperialism\">social</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Invasive_species\" title=\"Invasive species\">Invasive species</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Investor-state_dispute_settlement\" title=\"Investor-state dispute settlement\">Investor-state disputes</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Leprechaun_economics\" title=\"Leprechaun economics\">Leprechaun economics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/McDonaldization\" title=\"McDonaldization\">McDonaldization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/New_international_division_of_labour\" title=\"New international division of labour\">New international division of labour</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_the_World\" title=\"North–South divide in the World\">North–South divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshoring\" title=\"Offshoring\">Offshoring</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Race_to_the_bottom\" title=\"Race to the bottom\">Race to the bottom</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesis\" title=\"Pollution haven hypothesis\">pollution havens</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime\" title=\"Transnational organized crime\">Transnational crime</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Westernization\" title=\"Westernization\">Westernization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_war\" title=\"World war\">World war</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Theories</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Capital_accumulation\" title=\"Capital accumulation\">Capital accumulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Dependency_theory\" title=\"Dependency theory\">Dependency</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Development_theory\" title=\"Development theory\">Development</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Earth_system_science\" title=\"Earth system science\">Earth system</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fiscal_localism\" title=\"Fiscal localism\">Fiscal localism</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Modernization_theory\" title=\"Modernization theory\">Modernization</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ecological_modernization\" title=\"Ecological modernization\">ecological</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/History_of_modernisation_theory\" title=\"History of modernisation theory\">history of</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital\" title=\"Primitive accumulation of capital\">Primitive accumulation</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_change\" title=\"Social change\">Social change</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_history\" title=\"World history\">World history</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World-systems_theory\" title=\"World-systems theory\">World-systems</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\">Notable<br/>scholars</th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\"></div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Economics</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ravi_Batra\" title=\"Ravi Batra\">Ravi Batra</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati\" title=\"Jagdish Bhagwati\">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Brenner\" title=\"Robert Brenner\">Robert Brenner</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jayati_Ghosh\" title=\"Jayati Ghosh\">Jayati Ghosh</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)\" title=\"Michael Hudson (economist)\">Michael Hudson</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Branko_Milanovi%C4%87\" title=\"Branko Milanović\">Branko Milanović</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kevin_O%27Rourke\" title=\"Kevin O'Rourke\">Kevin O'Rourke</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Piketty\" title=\"Thomas Piketty\">Thomas Piketty</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Dani_Rodrik\" title=\"Dani Rodrik\">Dani Rodrik</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs\" title=\"Jeffrey Sachs\">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz\" title=\"Joseph Stiglitz\">Joseph Stiglitz</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Political <br/>economy</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Samir_Amin\" title=\"Samir Amin\">Samir Amin</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Arrighi\" title=\"Giovanni Arrighi\">Giovanni Arrighi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_W._Cox\" title=\"Robert W. Cox\">Robert W. Cox</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Andre_Gunder_Frank\" title=\"Andre Gunder Frank\">Andre Gunder Frank</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Stephen_Gill_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Stephen Gill (political scientist)\">Stephen Gill</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Gowan\" title=\"Peter Gowan\">Peter Gowan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Harvey\" title=\"David Harvey\">David Harvey</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ronen_Palan\" title=\"Ronen Palan\">Ronen Palan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_Strange\" title=\"Susan Strange\">Susan Strange</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)\" title=\"Robert Wade (scholar)\">Robert Wade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman\" title=\"Gabriel Zucman\">Gabriel Zucman</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Politics / <br/> sociology</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Arjun_Appadurai\" title=\"Arjun Appadurai\">Arjun Appadurai</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi\" title=\"Daniele Archibugi\">Daniele Archibugi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah\" title=\"Kwame Anthony Appiah\">K. Anthony Appiah</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ulrich_Beck\" title=\"Ulrich Beck\">Ulrich Beck</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Walden_Bello\" title=\"Walden Bello\">Walden Bello</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard\" title=\"Jean Baudrillard\">Jean Baudrillard</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman\" title=\"Zygmunt Bauman\">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Manuel_Castells\" title=\"Manuel Castells\">Manuel Castells</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Christopher_Chase-Dunn\" title=\"Christopher Chase-Dunn\">Christopher Chase-Dunn</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_W._Crosby\" title=\"Alfred W. Crosby\">Alfred Crosby</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Nancy_Fraser\" title=\"Nancy Fraser\">Nancy Fraser</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_George_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Susan George (political scientist)\">Susan George</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Giddens\" title=\"Anthony Giddens\">Anthony Giddens</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hardt\" title=\"Michael Hardt\">Michael Hardt</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Held\" title=\"David Held\">David Held</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Hirst\" title=\"Paul Hirst\">Paul Hirst</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/L._H._M._Ling\" title=\"L. H. M. Ling\">L. H. M. Ling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Antonio_Negri\" title=\"Antonio Negri\">Antonio Negri</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Ritzer\" title=\"George Ritzer\">George Ritzer</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Saskia_Sassen\" title=\"Saskia Sassen\">Saskia Sassen</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Urry_(sociologist)\" title=\"John Urry (sociologist)\">John Urry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein\" title=\"Immanuel Wallerstein\">Immanuel Wallerstein</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Non–academic</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Noam_Chomsky\" title=\"Noam Chomsky\">Noam Chomsky</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Friedman\" title=\"Thomas Friedman\">Thomas Friedman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Naomi_Klein\" title=\"Naomi Klein\">Naomi Klein</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul\" title=\"John Ralston Saul\">John R. Saul</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Vandana_Shiva\" title=\"Vandana Shiva\">Vandana Shiva</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n",
" <ul><li><img alt=\"Category\" data-file-height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"180\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x\" title=\"Category\" width=\"16\"/> <a href=\"/wiki/Category:Globalization\" title=\"Category:Globalization\">Category</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"image\" href=\"/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg\"><img alt=\"Emblem-money.svg\" class=\"noviewer\" data-file-height=\"48\" data-file-width=\"48\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"28\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x\" width=\"28\"/></a> <a href=\"/wiki/Portal:Business\" title=\"Portal:Business\">Business portal</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r886047488\">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class=\"nobold\">Global</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_change\" title=\"Climate change\">Climate change</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Climate_justice\" title=\"Climate justice\">Climate justice</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Globalization_and_disease\" title=\"Globalization and disease\">Disease</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 pandemic\">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_digital_divide\" title=\"Global digital divide\">Digital divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Global_labor_arbitrage\" title=\"Global labor arbitrage\">Labor arbitrage</a></li>\n",
" <li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Population</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_haven\" title=\"Tax haven\">Tax havens</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre\" title=\"Offshore financial centre\">Offshore financial centres</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Tax_inversion\" title=\"Tax inversion\">Tax inversions</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Water_security\" title=\"Water security\">Water crisis</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Other</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_capital_flight\" title=\"Human capital flight\">Brain drain</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Reverse_brain_drain\" title=\"Reverse brain drain\">reverse</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Care_drain\" title=\"Care drain\">Care drain</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Development_aid\" title=\"Development aid\">Development aid</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Economic_inequality\" title=\"Economic inequality\">Economic inequality</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Endangered_language\" title=\"Endangered language\">Endangered languages</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Fair_trade\" title=\"Fair trade\">Fair trade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Forced_displacement\" title=\"Forced displacement\">Forced displacement</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Human_rights\" title=\"Human rights\">Human rights</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Illicit_financial_flows\" title=\"Illicit financial flows\">Illicit financial flows</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Imperialism\" title=\"Imperialism\">Imperialism</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Academic_imperialism\" title=\"Academic imperialism\">academic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Cultural_imperialism\" title=\"Cultural imperialism\">cultural</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism\" title=\"Linguistic imperialism\">linguistic</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Media_imperialism\" title=\"Media imperialism\">media</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Scientific_imperialism\" title=\"Scientific imperialism\">scientific</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Social_imperialism\" title=\"Social imperialism\">social</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Invasive_species\" title=\"Invasive species\">Invasive species</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Investor-state_dispute_settlement\" title=\"Investor-state dispute settlement\">Investor-state disputes</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Leprechaun_economics\" title=\"Leprechaun economics\">Leprechaun economics</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/McDonaldization\" title=\"McDonaldization\">McDonaldization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/New_international_division_of_labour\" title=\"New international division of labour\">New international division of labour</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_the_World\" title=\"North–South divide in the World\">North–South divide</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Offshoring\" title=\"Offshoring\">Offshoring</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Race_to_the_bottom\" title=\"Race to the bottom\">Race to the bottom</a>\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesis\" title=\"Pollution haven hypothesis\">pollution havens</a></li></ul></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime\" title=\"Transnational organized crime\">Transnational crime</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Westernization\" title=\"Westernization\">Westernization</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/World_war\" title=\"World war\">World war</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Economics</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Ravi_Batra\" title=\"Ravi Batra\">Ravi Batra</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati\" title=\"Jagdish Bhagwati\">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Brenner\" title=\"Robert Brenner\">Robert Brenner</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jayati_Ghosh\" title=\"Jayati Ghosh\">Jayati Ghosh</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)\" title=\"Michael Hudson (economist)\">Michael Hudson</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Branko_Milanovi%C4%87\" title=\"Branko Milanović\">Branko Milanović</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kevin_O%27Rourke\" title=\"Kevin O'Rourke\">Kevin O'Rourke</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Piketty\" title=\"Thomas Piketty\">Thomas Piketty</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Dani_Rodrik\" title=\"Dani Rodrik\">Dani Rodrik</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs\" title=\"Jeffrey Sachs\">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz\" title=\"Joseph Stiglitz\">Joseph Stiglitz</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Political <br/>economy</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Samir_Amin\" title=\"Samir Amin\">Samir Amin</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Giovanni_Arrighi\" title=\"Giovanni Arrighi\">Giovanni Arrighi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_W._Cox\" title=\"Robert W. Cox\">Robert W. Cox</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Andre_Gunder_Frank\" title=\"Andre Gunder Frank\">Andre Gunder Frank</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Stephen_Gill_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Stephen Gill (political scientist)\">Stephen Gill</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Gowan\" title=\"Peter Gowan\">Peter Gowan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Harvey\" title=\"David Harvey\">David Harvey</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ronen_Palan\" title=\"Ronen Palan\">Ronen Palan</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_Strange\" title=\"Susan Strange\">Susan Strange</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)\" title=\"Robert Wade (scholar)\">Robert Wade</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman\" title=\"Gabriel Zucman\">Gabriel Zucman</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Politics / <br/> sociology</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Arjun_Appadurai\" title=\"Arjun Appadurai\">Arjun Appadurai</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi\" title=\"Daniele Archibugi\">Daniele Archibugi</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah\" title=\"Kwame Anthony Appiah\">K. Anthony Appiah</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Ulrich_Beck\" title=\"Ulrich Beck\">Ulrich Beck</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Walden_Bello\" title=\"Walden Bello\">Walden Bello</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard\" title=\"Jean Baudrillard\">Jean Baudrillard</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman\" title=\"Zygmunt Bauman\">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Manuel_Castells\" title=\"Manuel Castells\">Manuel Castells</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Christopher_Chase-Dunn\" title=\"Christopher Chase-Dunn\">Christopher Chase-Dunn</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Alfred_W._Crosby\" title=\"Alfred W. Crosby\">Alfred Crosby</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Nancy_Fraser\" title=\"Nancy Fraser\">Nancy Fraser</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Susan_George_(political_scientist)\" title=\"Susan George (political scientist)\">Susan George</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Anthony_Giddens\" title=\"Anthony Giddens\">Anthony Giddens</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Michael_Hardt\" title=\"Michael Hardt\">Michael Hardt</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/David_Held\" title=\"David Held\">David Held</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Paul_Hirst\" title=\"Paul Hirst\">Paul Hirst</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/L._H._M._Ling\" title=\"L. H. M. Ling\">L. H. M. Ling</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Antonio_Negri\" title=\"Antonio Negri\">Antonio Negri</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/George_Ritzer\" title=\"George Ritzer\">George Ritzer</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Saskia_Sassen\" title=\"Saskia Sassen\">Saskia Sassen</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Urry_(sociologist)\" title=\"John Urry (sociologist)\">John Urry</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein\" title=\"Immanuel Wallerstein\">Immanuel Wallerstein</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><link href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\"/><span class=\"nobold\">Non–academic</span></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><a href=\"/wiki/Noam_Chomsky\" title=\"Noam Chomsky\">Noam Chomsky</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Thomas_Friedman\" title=\"Thomas Friedman\">Thomas Friedman</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Naomi_Klein\" title=\"Naomi Klein\">Naomi Klein</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul\" title=\"John Ralston Saul\">John R. Saul</a></li>\n",
" <li><a href=\"/wiki/Vandana_Shiva\" title=\"Vandana Shiva\">Vandana Shiva</a></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>,\n",
" <table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th class=\"navbox-group\" id=\"Authority_control_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11188#identifiers&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata\" scope=\"row\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\">Authority control</a> <a href=\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11188#identifiers\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\"><img alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" data-file-height=\"20\" data-file-width=\"20\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"10\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x\" style=\"vertical-align: text-top\" width=\"10\"/></a></th><td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px\"><div style=\"padding:0em 0.25em\">\n",
" <ul><li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/GND_(identifier)\" title=\"GND (identifier)\">GND</a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4125901-4\" rel=\"nofollow\">4125901-4</a></span></span></li>\n",
" <li><span class=\"nowrap\"><a class=\"mw-redirect\" href=\"/wiki/MA_(identifier)\" title=\"MA (identifier)\">MA</a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/543383583\" rel=\"nofollow\">543383583</a></span></span></li></ul>\n",
" </div></td></tr></tbody></table>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 82,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"#find all html tables in the web page\n",
"tables = soup.find_all('table') # in html table is represented by the tag <table>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 80,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"26"
]
},
"execution_count": 80,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# we can see how many tables were found by checking the length of the tables list\n",
"len(tables)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Assume that we are looking for the `10 most densly populated countries` table, we can look through the tables list and find the right one we are look for based on the data in each table or we can search for the table name if it is in the table but this option might not always work.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 83,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"5\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"for index,table in enumerate(tables):\n",
" if (\"10 most densely populated countries\" in str(table)):\n",
" table_index = index\n",
"print(table_index)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"See if you can locate the table name of the table, `10 most densly populated countries`, below.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 84,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<table class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"text-align:right\">\n",
" <caption>\n",
" 10 most densely populated countries\n",
" <small>\n",
" (with population above 5 million)\n",
" </small>\n",
" </caption>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>\n",
" Rank\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>\n",
" Country\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>\n",
" Population\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>\n",
" Area\n",
" <br/>\n",
" <small>\n",
" (km\n",
" <sup>\n",
" 2\n",
" </sup>\n",
" )\n",
" </small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" <th>\n",
" Density\n",
" <br/>\n",
" <small>\n",
" (pop/km\n",
" <sup>\n",
" 2\n",
" </sup>\n",
" )\n",
" </small>\n",
" </th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 1\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"2880\" data-file-width=\"4320\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Singapore\" title=\"Singapore\">\n",
" Singapore\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 5,704,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 710\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 8,033\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 2\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Bangladesh\" title=\"Bangladesh\">\n",
" Bangladesh\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 170,610,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 143,998\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 1,185\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 3\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Lebanon\" title=\"Lebanon\">\n",
" Lebanon\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 6,856,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 10,452\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 656\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 4\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\">\n",
" Taiwan\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 23,604,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 36,193\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 652\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 5\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/South_Korea\" title=\"South Korea\">\n",
" South Korea\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 51,781,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 99,538\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 520\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 6\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"720\" data-file-width=\"1080\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">\n",
" Rwanda\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 12,374,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 26,338\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 470\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 7\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"1000\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"14\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Haiti\" title=\"Haiti\">\n",
" Haiti\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 11,578,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 27,065\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 428\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 8\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"600\" data-file-width=\"900\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Netherlands\" title=\"Netherlands\">\n",
" Netherlands\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 17,590,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 41,526\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 424\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 9\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"800\" data-file-width=\"1100\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x\" width=\"21\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/Israel\" title=\"Israel\">\n",
" Israel\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 9,340,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 22,072\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 423\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 10\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td align=\"left\">\n",
" <span class=\"flagicon\">\n",
" <img alt=\"\" class=\"thumbborder\" data-file-height=\"900\" data-file-width=\"1350\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"15\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x\" width=\"23\"/>\n",
" </span>\n",
" <a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">\n",
" India\n",
" </a>\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 1,376,520,000\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 3,287,240\n",
" </td>\n",
" <td>\n",
" 419\n",
" </td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(tables[table_index].prettify())"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area</th>\n",
" <th>Density</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Singapore</td>\n",
" <td>5,704,000</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>8,033</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Bangladesh</td>\n",
" <td>170,610,000</td>\n",
" <td>143,998</td>\n",
" <td>1,185</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Lebanon</td>\n",
" <td>6,856,000</td>\n",
" <td>10,452</td>\n",
" <td>656</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td>Taiwan</td>\n",
" <td>23,604,000</td>\n",
" <td>36,193</td>\n",
" <td>652</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td>South Korea</td>\n",
" <td>51,781,000</td>\n",
" <td>99,538</td>\n",
" <td>520</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>5</th>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>Rwanda</td>\n",
" <td>12,374,000</td>\n",
" <td>26,338</td>\n",
" <td>470</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>6</th>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td>Haiti</td>\n",
" <td>11,578,000</td>\n",
" <td>27,065</td>\n",
" <td>428</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7</th>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td>Netherlands</td>\n",
" <td>17,590,000</td>\n",
" <td>41,526</td>\n",
" <td>424</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>8</th>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td>Israel</td>\n",
" <td>9,340,000</td>\n",
" <td>22,072</td>\n",
" <td>423</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>9</th>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>India</td>\n",
" <td>1,376,520,000</td>\n",
" <td>3,287,240</td>\n",
" <td>419</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Rank Country Population Area Density\n",
"0 1  Singapore 5,704,000 710 8,033\n",
"1 2  Bangladesh 170,610,000 143,998 1,185\n",
"2 3  Lebanon 6,856,000 10,452 656\n",
"3 4  Taiwan 23,604,000 36,193 652\n",
"4 5  South Korea 51,781,000 99,538 520\n",
"5 6  Rwanda 12,374,000 26,338 470\n",
"6 7  Haiti 11,578,000 27,065 428\n",
"7 8  Netherlands 17,590,000 41,526 424\n",
"8 9  Israel 9,340,000 22,072 423\n",
"9 10  India 1,376,520,000 3,287,240 419"
]
},
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"population_data = pd.DataFrame(columns=[\"Rank\", \"Country\", \"Population\", \"Area\", \"Density\"])\n",
"\n",
"for row in tables[table_index].tbody.find_all(\"tr\"):\n",
" col = row.find_all(\"td\")\n",
" if (col != []):\n",
" rank = col[0].text\n",
" country = col[1].text\n",
" population = col[2].text.strip()\n",
" area = col[3].text.strip()\n",
" density = col[4].text.strip()\n",
" population_data = population_data.append({\"Rank\":rank, \"Country\":country, \"Population\":population, \"Area\":area, \"Density\":density}, ignore_index=True)\n",
"\n",
"population_data"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Scrape data from HTML tables into a DataFrame using BeautifulSoup and read_html\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Using the same `url`, `data`, `soup`, and `tables` object as in the last section we can use the `read_html` function to create a DataFrame.\n",
"\n",
"Remember the table we need is located in `tables[table_index]`\n",
"\n",
"We can now use the `pandas` function `read_html` and give it the string version of the table as well as the `flavor` which is the parsing engine `bs4`.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[ Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2)\n",
" 0 1 Singapore 5704000 710 8033\n",
" 1 2 Bangladesh 170610000 143998 1185\n",
" 2 3 Lebanon 6856000 10452 656\n",
" 3 4 Taiwan 23604000 36193 652\n",
" 4 5 South Korea 51781000 99538 520\n",
" 5 6 Rwanda 12374000 26338 470\n",
" 6 7 Haiti 11578000 27065 428\n",
" 7 8 Netherlands 17590000 41526 424\n",
" 8 9 Israel 9340000 22072 423\n",
" 9 10 India 1376520000 3287240 419]"
]
},
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"pd.read_html(str(tables[5]), flavor='bs4')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The function `read_html` always returns a list of DataFrames so we must pick the one we want out of the list.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 90,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area(km2)</th>\n",
" <th>Density(pop/km2)</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Singapore</td>\n",
" <td>5704000</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>8033</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Bangladesh</td>\n",
" <td>170610000</td>\n",
" <td>143998</td>\n",
" <td>1185</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Lebanon</td>\n",
" <td>6856000</td>\n",
" <td>10452</td>\n",
" <td>656</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td>Taiwan</td>\n",
" <td>23604000</td>\n",
" <td>36193</td>\n",
" <td>652</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td>South Korea</td>\n",
" <td>51781000</td>\n",
" <td>99538</td>\n",
" <td>520</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>5</th>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>Rwanda</td>\n",
" <td>12374000</td>\n",
" <td>26338</td>\n",
" <td>470</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>6</th>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td>Haiti</td>\n",
" <td>11578000</td>\n",
" <td>27065</td>\n",
" <td>428</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7</th>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td>Netherlands</td>\n",
" <td>17590000</td>\n",
" <td>41526</td>\n",
" <td>424</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>8</th>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td>Israel</td>\n",
" <td>9340000</td>\n",
" <td>22072</td>\n",
" <td>423</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>9</th>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>India</td>\n",
" <td>1376520000</td>\n",
" <td>3287240</td>\n",
" <td>419</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2)\n",
"0 1 Singapore 5704000 710 8033\n",
"1 2 Bangladesh 170610000 143998 1185\n",
"2 3 Lebanon 6856000 10452 656\n",
"3 4 Taiwan 23604000 36193 652\n",
"4 5 South Korea 51781000 99538 520\n",
"5 6 Rwanda 12374000 26338 470\n",
"6 7 Haiti 11578000 27065 428\n",
"7 8 Netherlands 17590000 41526 424\n",
"8 9 Israel 9340000 22072 423\n",
"9 10 India 1376520000 3287240 419"
]
},
"execution_count": 90,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"population_data_read_html = pd.read_html(str(tables[5]), flavor='bs4')[0]\n",
"\n",
"population_data_read_html"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Scrape data from HTML tables into a DataFrame using read_html\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can also use the `read_html` function to directly get DataFrames from a `url`.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dataframe_list = pd.read_html(url, flavor='bs4')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can see there are 25 DataFrames just like when we used `find_all` on the `soup` object.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"26"
]
},
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"len(dataframe_list)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Finally we can pick the DataFrame we need out of the list.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 93,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area(km2)</th>\n",
" <th>Density(pop/km2)</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Singapore</td>\n",
" <td>5704000</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>8033</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Bangladesh</td>\n",
" <td>170610000</td>\n",
" <td>143998</td>\n",
" <td>1185</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Lebanon</td>\n",
" <td>6856000</td>\n",
" <td>10452</td>\n",
" <td>656</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td>Taiwan</td>\n",
" <td>23604000</td>\n",
" <td>36193</td>\n",
" <td>652</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td>South Korea</td>\n",
" <td>51781000</td>\n",
" <td>99538</td>\n",
" <td>520</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>5</th>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>Rwanda</td>\n",
" <td>12374000</td>\n",
" <td>26338</td>\n",
" <td>470</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>6</th>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td>Haiti</td>\n",
" <td>11578000</td>\n",
" <td>27065</td>\n",
" <td>428</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7</th>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td>Netherlands</td>\n",
" <td>17590000</td>\n",
" <td>41526</td>\n",
" <td>424</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>8</th>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td>Israel</td>\n",
" <td>9340000</td>\n",
" <td>22072</td>\n",
" <td>423</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>9</th>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>India</td>\n",
" <td>1376520000</td>\n",
" <td>3287240</td>\n",
" <td>419</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2)\n",
"0 1 Singapore 5704000 710 8033\n",
"1 2 Bangladesh 170610000 143998 1185\n",
"2 3 Lebanon 6856000 10452 656\n",
"3 4 Taiwan 23604000 36193 652\n",
"4 5 South Korea 51781000 99538 520\n",
"5 6 Rwanda 12374000 26338 470\n",
"6 7 Haiti 11578000 27065 428\n",
"7 8 Netherlands 17590000 41526 424\n",
"8 9 Israel 9340000 22072 423\n",
"9 10 India 1376520000 3287240 419"
]
},
"execution_count": 93,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dataframe_list[5]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can also use the `match` parameter to select the specific table we want. If the table contains a string matching the text it will be read.\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 94,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<div>\n",
"<style scoped>\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
" vertical-align: middle;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
" vertical-align: top;\n",
" }\n",
"\n",
" .dataframe thead th {\n",
" text-align: right;\n",
" }\n",
"</style>\n",
"<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
" <thead>\n",
" <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
" <th></th>\n",
" <th>Rank</th>\n",
" <th>Country</th>\n",
" <th>Population</th>\n",
" <th>Area(km2)</th>\n",
" <th>Density(pop/km2)</th>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </thead>\n",
" <tbody>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>0</th>\n",
" <td>1</td>\n",
" <td>Singapore</td>\n",
" <td>5704000</td>\n",
" <td>710</td>\n",
" <td>8033</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>1</th>\n",
" <td>2</td>\n",
" <td>Bangladesh</td>\n",
" <td>170610000</td>\n",
" <td>143998</td>\n",
" <td>1185</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>2</th>\n",
" <td>3</td>\n",
" <td>Lebanon</td>\n",
" <td>6856000</td>\n",
" <td>10452</td>\n",
" <td>656</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>3</th>\n",
" <td>4</td>\n",
" <td>Taiwan</td>\n",
" <td>23604000</td>\n",
" <td>36193</td>\n",
" <td>652</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>4</th>\n",
" <td>5</td>\n",
" <td>South Korea</td>\n",
" <td>51781000</td>\n",
" <td>99538</td>\n",
" <td>520</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>5</th>\n",
" <td>6</td>\n",
" <td>Rwanda</td>\n",
" <td>12374000</td>\n",
" <td>26338</td>\n",
" <td>470</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>6</th>\n",
" <td>7</td>\n",
" <td>Haiti</td>\n",
" <td>11578000</td>\n",
" <td>27065</td>\n",
" <td>428</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>7</th>\n",
" <td>8</td>\n",
" <td>Netherlands</td>\n",
" <td>17590000</td>\n",
" <td>41526</td>\n",
" <td>424</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>8</th>\n",
" <td>9</td>\n",
" <td>Israel</td>\n",
" <td>9340000</td>\n",
" <td>22072</td>\n",
" <td>423</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" <tr>\n",
" <th>9</th>\n",
" <td>10</td>\n",
" <td>India</td>\n",
" <td>1376520000</td>\n",
" <td>3287240</td>\n",
" <td>419</td>\n",
" </tr>\n",
" </tbody>\n",
"</table>\n",
"</div>"
],
"text/plain": [
" Rank Country Population Area(km2) Density(pop/km2)\n",
"0 1 Singapore 5704000 710 8033\n",
"1 2 Bangladesh 170610000 143998 1185\n",
"2 3 Lebanon 6856000 10452 656\n",
"3 4 Taiwan 23604000 36193 652\n",
"4 5 South Korea 51781000 99538 520\n",
"5 6 Rwanda 12374000 26338 470\n",
"6 7 Haiti 11578000 27065 428\n",
"7 8 Netherlands 17590000 41526 424\n",
"8 9 Israel 9340000 22072 423\n",
"9 10 India 1376520000 3287240 419"
]
},
"execution_count": 94,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"pd.read_html(url, match=\"10 most densely populated countries\", flavor='bs4')[0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Authors\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Ramesh Sannareddy\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Other Contributors\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Rav Ahuja\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Change Log\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | Version | Changed By | Change Description |\n",
"| ----------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |\n",
"| 2020-10-17 | 0.1 | Joseph Santarcangelo Created initial version of the lab | |\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Copyright © 2020 IBM Corporation. This notebook and its source code are released under the terms of the [MIT License](https://cognitiveclass.ai/mit-license?cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork-19487395&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ&cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork-19487395&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ&cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork-19487395&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ&cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork-19487395&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ&cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0220EN-SkillsNetwork-23455606&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ&cm_mmc=Email_Newsletter-_-Developer_Ed%2BTech-_-WW_WW-_-SkillsNetwork-Courses-IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0220EN-SkillsNetwork-23455606&cm_mmca1=000026UJ&cm_mmca2=10006555&cm_mmca3=M12345678&cvosrc=email.Newsletter.M12345678&cvo_campaign=000026UJ).\n"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python",
"language": "python",
"name": "conda-env-python-py"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.6.13"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}
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