ChengLuFred

row.names argument also can be number denoting which column to be used as index

data <- read.csv('homework05.csv', header = TRUE, row.names = c('DATE'))

ChengLuFred

check path validation

if not os.path.exists(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH):
            os.makedirs(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH)
            if verbose:
                print('Path: {0} created'.format(OUTPUT_FILE_PATH))

• path containing number need double slash \\ before number

ChengLuFred

Download Data

Download stock prices from yahoo finance

getSymbols.yahoo(Symbols = "MSFT",
                 env = globalenv(),
                 index.class  = 'Date',
                 from = "1980-01-01",
                 to = "2019-12-31",
                 periodicity = "daily")

ChengLuFred

Moment for Gaussian distributed variable $X \sim \mathcal{N}\left(0, \sigma^{2}\right)$ $$E\left[X^{2 n}\right]=(2 n-1) ! ! \sigma^{2 n}$$

ChengLuFred

Screen shot autosave

windows + PrintScreen

This command autosaves the current screen shot into C:\Users\cheng\Pictures\Screenshots