Erfan Erfan-Ahmadi

1. What does the Rendering Engine Need?

Rendering Engine
- Support for Multiple Graphics APIs : OpenGL | Vulkan | DirectX12 | DirectX11 | Metal
- Content Export Pipeline : Create Maya/Max Plugins to export meshes based on Renderers needs. (Assimp Commercial Licence -> Pay)
- Texture Compression Libraries
- Material System : Artists Configure shaders, textures, parameters to import in game
- Game-side Manager of Models/Materials/Lights
- Good Visibility System (Frustum/Occlusion) (VisibilityBuffers?)
- Multi-Threded Submission System to reduce cost of submission to GPU
Lighting/Shadow Rendering System

This is aimed at new hires or anyone encountering floating-point issues. It doesn't go into much details and is a high-level overview of floating point concepts:

A floating-point number = mantissa × 2^exponent, where the mantissa (sometimes called significand) holds the significant digits and the exponent sets the scale. In fp32, exponent takes 8 bits and mantissa 23 bits (+1 sign bit)
Between [2^p, 2^(p+1)), floating point numbers are equally spaced (smallest difference between two consecutive floats). For example: fp32 numbers between 2.0 and 4.0 have spacing of 2^-22 Numbers between 1024.0 and 2048have spacing of 2^-13. that's what we call the ULP/error in that range.

It's actually a fact that smallest difference between two consecutive floats (ULP) with the same exponent is: 2^−23 * 2^p
notice how the larger the number gets, the spacing becomes wider, that means the rounding error of the operations get larger. (but the relative error stays the same)
Exerci

	// .4------5 4------5 4------5 4------5 4------5.
	// .' \| .'\| /\| /\| \| \| \|\ \|\ \|`. \| `.
	// 0---+--1' \| 0-+----1 \| 0------1 \| 0----+-1 \| `0--+---1
	// \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
	// \| ,6--+---7 \| 6----+-7 6------7 6-+----7 \| 6---+--7 \|
	// \|.' \| .' \|/ \|/ \| \| \\| \\| `. \| `. \|
	// 2------3' 2------3 2------3 2------3 `2------3

	GPU Gems 1 - Chapter 23. Depth of Field: A Survey of Techniques
	GPU Gems 2
	GPU Gems 3 - Chapter 28. Practical Post-Process Depth of Field

	GPU Pro 1 - Realistic Depth of Field in Post-Production
	GPU Pro 2 - Post-Proccessing Effects on Mobile Devices
	GPU Pro 3 -
	GPU Pro 4 - Images Space -> First Two Chapters
	GPU Pro 5 - 241 - Bokeh Effects on The SPU
	GPU Pro 6 -

	#include "lib.h"

	#include "../3rd/minhook/include/MinHook.h"
	#include "../3rd/minhook/src/buffer.c"
	#include "../3rd/minhook/src/hook.c"
	#include "../3rd/minhook/src/trampoline.c"
	#include "../3rd/minhook/src/hde/hde64.c"

	typedef void* (*fn_malloc)(size_t size);
	typedef void (fn_free)(void ptr);

	find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 2 -type d -print -exec git -C {} pull \;
	pause

	Find: (\w).Sample\((\w)
	Replace: texture(sampler2D($1, $2)