Mark McDonnell Integralist

Use 4 backticks to create a markdown code block that itself contains a code block...

# Some title

This is my __markdown__ file.

## Code Example

Here is a code example:

Tip

https://goperf.dev/01-common-patterns/interface-boxing/

In Go, when you convert a concrete value (like a number or a struct) into an interface type, it's called interface boxing. This can sometimes cause performance problems because it can lead to hidden memory allocations on the heap, extra copying of data, and more work for the garbage collector. This is especially true for performance-critical code.

How it Works

An interface in Go is made up of two parts: a type descriptor and a data pointer. When you assign a value that isn't a pointer to an interface, Go might have to make a copy of that value on the heap. This can be slow and use a lot of memory, especially if you're working with large data structures.

The Problem

Tip

https://pkg.go.dev/sync#Pool
https://goperf.dev/01-common-patterns/object-pooling/

Object pooling helps reduce allocation churn in high-throughput Go programs by reusing objects instead of allocating fresh ones each time. This avoids repeated work for the allocator and eases pressure on the garbage collector, especially when dealing with short-lived or frequently reused structures.

Go's sync.Pool provides a built-in way to implement pooling with minimal code. It's particularly effective for objects that are expensive to allocate or that would otherwise contribute to frequent garbage collection cycles. While not a silver bullet, it's a low-friction tool that can lead to noticeable gains in latency and CPU efficiency under sustained load.

Object pooling allows programs to reuse memory by recycling previously allocated objects instead of creating new ones on every use. Rather than hitting the heap each time, objects are retrieved from a shared pool and returned once they're no longer needed.

macOS /usr/bin Utilities Summary

This file lists each binary currently found in /usr/bin on this system (snapshot from ls /usr/bin) with a brief, high‑level description. Many are standard POSIX / BSD userland tools; others are Apple platform, developer, diagnostic, multimedia, DTrace scripts, Perl helper scripts, or language/runtime tools. Versioned duplicates (e.g. foo5.34) are Perl 5.34 module helper variants; they perform the same function for that specific interpreter version.

Note

Descriptions are concise and generalized. For authoritative detail consult man <tool> or --help.

Index

aa – ASCII art / legacy utility placeholder (rarely used)

Handling Optional and Nullable Fields

The API uses the optional package to distinguish between three states for a field in a JSON payload:

Omitted: The field is not present in the JSON request body.
Set to null: The field is present with an explicit null value (e.g., "description": null). This is used to unset or clear a field's value.
Set to a value: The field is present with a non-null value (e.g., "description": "my description" or "description": "").

type Input struct {
	Description optional.String `json:"description"`

Some people run a SOCKS5 proxy locally that proxies their internet traffic through a different location.

To access the proxy via your web browser you can either modify your system-wide proxy settings or use a Google Chrome browser extension, or in the case of Firefox manually configure the proxy settings.

Modify System-Wide Settings

Open System Preferences > Network.

go get -tool github.com/letsencrypt/pebble/v2/cmd/pebble@latest
go tool pebble -version
go tool pebble -config pebble.json
go run main.go

Note

The cert and key here are public and aren't sensitive for the sake of local testing.

	// https://go.dev/play/p/nDnCcCkMlFj
	package main

	import (
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/elliptic"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"

	package main

	import "fmt"

	func main() {
	fmt.Printf("%[1]s %[1]s %[2]s %[2]s %[3]s", "one", "two", "three") // yields "one one two two three"
	}

	package main

	import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	)

	func main() {
	// Simulate a URL with filter parameters