plausible general principles governing valid agreements:
- Valid consent requires a reasonable way of opting out.
- Explicit dissent has precedence over alleged implicit consent.
- An action can be taken as indicating agreement to some scheme only if one can be assumed to believe that if one did not take that action the scheme would not be imposed on the person.
- Contractual obligation is mutual and conditional.
- No state has provided meaningful ways of opting out, means that do not require dissenters to assume large costs that the state has no independent right to impose.
- All modern states in refusing to recognize explicit dissent render their relationships with the citizens non-voluntary.