It turns out that some kind hearted people already set up wildcarded domains for you already. You can use any top level domain below and any subdomain of these and they will always resolve back to 127.0.0.1 (your local machine). Here's the list of ones I know about. Let me know if there are more!
*.fuf.me
- Managed by @fidian; it will always point to localhost for IPv4 and IPv6localtest.me
- Also has an SSL cert - see http://readme.localtest.me127-0-0-1.org.uk
vcap.me
yoogle.com
lvh.me