Xdebug hooks into PHP's internals deeply in order to offer it's fetures of step debugging, tracing, profiling and others. So each PHP version has a matching Xdebug version.
The latest version of Xdebug, Xdebug 3, only supports PHP versions back to 7.2. However, that's a longer support period than even PHP itself provides.
See the compatibility table for more info: https://xdebug.org/docs/compat#supported-versions