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<div id="topicContent" class="utdArticleSection utdStyle xhash_topicContent_scrollTarget"><div id="topicTitle">Approach to the adult with knee pain likely of musculoskeletal origin</div> <span class="view"></span><div class="authorSectionElem"><div class="authorsElementsLeft"><dl id="topicContributors"><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-knee-pain-likely-of-musculoskeletal-origin/contributors" class="contributor contributor_credentials" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Anthony Beutler, MD</a></dd><dd><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-knee-pain-likely-of-musculoskeletal-origin/contributors" class="contributor contributor_credentials" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-knee-pain-likely-of-musculoskeletal-origin/contributors" class="contributor contributor_c

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Approach to chronic knee pain or injury in children or skeletally immature adolescents  Author:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-chronic-knee-pain-or-injury-in-children-or-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Albert C Hergenroeder, MD</a> Section Editors:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-chronic-knee-pain-or-injury-in-children-or-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Joseph Chorley, MD</a><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-chronic-knee-pain-or-injury-in-children-or-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Richard G Bachur, MD</a> Deputy Editor:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-chronic-knee-pain-or-injury-in-children-or-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a><p><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-chronic-knee-pain-or-injury-in-children-or-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributor-disclosure"

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Approach to acute knee pain and injury in children and skeletally immature adolescents  Author:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Albert C Hergenroeder, MD</a> Section Editors:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Joseph Chorley, MD</a><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Richard G Bachur, MD</a> Deputy Editor:<a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributors" target="_blank">Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a><p><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-acute-knee-pain-and-injury-in-children-and-skeletally-immature-adolescents/contributor-disclosure"

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<div><div>An overview of asthma management in children and adults</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a>Tina Hartert, MD, MPH</a></dd><dd><a>Leonard B Bacharier, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editors:</dt><dd><a>Robert A Wood, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Bruce S Bochner, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editors:</dt><dd><a>Paul Dieffenbach, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Elizabeth TePas, MD, MS</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Sep 30, 2024.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>The main goals of asthma management are to optimize control of asthma symptoms, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and preserve lung funct

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<div><div>Approach to the adult with unspecified knee pain</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a>Carlton J Covey, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Robert H Shmerling, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a>Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Apr 16, 2025.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>The knee has the largest articulating surface of any joint. Depending on the activity, this weight-bearing joint can support two to five times a person's body weight. Chronic knee pain affects 25 percent of adults and has a dele

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<div><div>Physical examination of the knee</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a>Anthony Beutler, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Antoin Alexander, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a>Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Mar 14, 2024.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>Knee pain and other knee-related complaints are a common reason for visits to primary care clinics and emergency departments. An effective and efficient evaluation of the patient with knee-related complaints depends upon an understanding of the k

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<div><div>Approach to the adult with knee pain likely of musculoskeletal origin</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a>Anthony Beutler, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a>Peter Fricker, MBBS, FACSP, HonDUniv(Canberra)</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Apr 17, 2025.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>As the knee has the largest articulating surface of any joint and is weightbearing, it is not surprising that it is among the most commonly injured body parts. Acute knee pain account

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<div><div>Approach to chronic knee pain or injury in children or skeletally immature adolescents</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Author:</dt><dd><a>Albert C Hergenroeder, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editors:</dt><dd><a>Joseph Chorley, MD</a></dd><dd><a>Richard G Bachur, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Nov 06, 2024.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>The approach to children and skeletally immature adolescents with chronic knee pain are reviewed here. The approach to acute knee pain in these patients and the evaluation of children w

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<div><div>Meniscus injury of the knee</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Authors:</dt><dd><a>Dennis A Cardone, DO</a></dd><dd><a>Bret C Jacobs, DO, MA</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a>Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Oct 18, 2024.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>Meniscal injuries of the knee are common. Acute meniscal tears occur most often from twisting injuries; chronic degenerative tears occur in older patients and can occur with minimal twisting or stress.</p><p>Left untreated, large complex tears can i

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<div><div>Medial (tibial) collateral ligament injury of the knee</div> <span></span><div><div><dl><dt><span> </span>Author:</dt><dd><a>James MacDonald, MD, MPH</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Section Editor:</dt><dd><a>Karl B Fields, MD</a></dd><dt><span> </span>Deputy Editor:</dt><dd><a>Jonathan S Grayzel, MD</a></dd></dl><p><a>Contributor Disclosures</a></p></div><div><div><span>All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our <a>peer review process</a> is complete.</span></div><div><div><bdi><span>Literature review current through:</span>&nbsp;Jun 2025.</bdi></div><div><bdi><span>This topic last updated:</span>&nbsp;Dec 10, 2024.</bdi></div></div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><p><span>INTRODUCTION</span><span>&nbsp;—&nbsp;</span></p><p>Injuries of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), also referred to as the tibial collateral ligament, occur frequently in athletes, particularly those involved in sports that require sudden changes in direction and speed, and in patients struck on the outs