The intent of the mechanism is to create a transfer of money from polluting providers to non-polluting providers, scaled by the amount of power they provide and the amount of pollution they create.
The proposed mechanism is as follows.
First, to save time: the measurements here are flexible and can change. It doesn't have to be per day, or per ton; it could just as easily be per week and per pound. I'm going to pick units to keep things simple.
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In a given day, anyone who produces one ton of carbon pollution puts a fixed amount of money into a pool.
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At the end of the day, anyone who put energy onto the grid shares the pool equally by proportion of energy put onto the grid.