This guide is pieced together with information collected in this very long github issue. There is no guarantee for this to make Bannerlord work on your particular system, because one thing the github issue showed was that hardware and software configurations can have a large effect on the stability of the game. You should also be prepared for crashes, even when the game seems to be running fine. Make sure to save frequently.
This guide was made possible by all the people in the github issue that tested things out and reported back. I would also like to thank VictorRogers, YellowApple, Metal079, allquixotic, lboklin, ptkato for their great suggestions and corrections and all the others in helping getting Bannerlord to work!