For verifying the integrity (but not authenticity of data, i.e., who authored it or the origin of the file) of a file, it is necessary to run a checksum function on the file which will output a value and compare it to a previously stored checksum value; if both values match, we can be relatively confident that the file hasn't been tampered with or altered.
You might be asked to verify a file's sha1sum or sha2sum–-all this means is calculating and verifying the cryptographic sha1 or sha2 hash value or digest included in the file.
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