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def get_path_length(x, T, e):
  """The function returns the path length h(x) of an instance
  x in tree `T`.
  here e is the number of edges traversed from the root till the current
  subtree T.
  """
  if is_external_node(T):
    # when T is the root of an external node subtree
    # we estimate path length and return.
    # here c is the function which estimates the average path length

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int area(int length, int breadth) {
  return length * breadth;
}

float area(int radius) {
  return 3.14 * radius * radius;
}

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def area(radius):
  return 3.14 * radius ** 2

>>> locals()
{
  ...
  'area': <function area at 0x10476a440>,
  ...
}

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from inspect import getfullargspec

class Function(object):
  """Function is a wrap over standard python function.
  """

  def __init__(self, fn):
    self.fn = fn

  def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

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def area(l, b):
  return l * b

>>> func = Function(area)

>>> func.key()
('__main__', <class 'function'>, 'area', 2)

>>> func(3, 4)
12

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class Namespace(object):
  """Namespace is the singleton class that is responsible
  for holding all the functions.
  """

  __instance = None
  def __init__(self):
    if self.__instance is None:
      self.function_map = dict()
      Namespace.__instance = self

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def area(l, b):
  return l * b

>>> namespace = Namespace.get_instance()
>>> func = namespace.register(area)
>>> func(3, 4)
12

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import time


def my_decorator(fn):
  """my_decorator is a custom decorator that wraps any function
  and prints on stdout the time for execution.
  """

  def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):
    start_time = time.time()

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def overload(fn):
  """overload is the decorator that wraps the function
  and returns a callable object of type Function.
  """
  return Namespace.get_instance().register(fn)

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def get(self, fn, *args):
  """get returns the matching function from the virtual namespace.
  return None if it did not fund any matching function.
  """
  func = Function(fn)
  return self.function_map.get(func.key(args=args))