TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript it supports ES5, ES6, ES2016, ES2017 and more. TypeScript is JavaScript, but JavaScript is not TypeScript.
TypeScript add typing to JavaScript. It allows you to add types to variables and functions, TypeScript does type checking. Type checking is the process of ensure that variables have the correct types, it ensures type safety. Type safety leads to less errors in your code as the compiler is telling you about errors early. Typing is a safety harness for your code.
TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles into plain JavaScript.
The TypeScript compiler transpiles (converts) the TypeScript code into plain JavaScript using the the TypeScript compiler.