## Towing, Hauling, Load ### Towing **What must you remember when towing?** - Tow-rope/tow-bar must be clearly marked - The distance between the vehicles (car/trailer) must not exceed 5 m **What must you bear in mind when loading a single-axle trailer?** - The permissible: - load of the coupling - total mass - axle load **What must you remember when loading a trailer?** - The load: - must not project more than 1 m beyond the rear reflectors unless specially marked - must be securely packed - ~~must not project more than 1 m beyond the front of the towing vehicle~~ **What changes when a caravan trailer is towed?** - The distance for overtaking increases considerably - Hasty movements of the steering wheel increase the danger of skidding **What must you check on a car with a caravan trailer before setting out on a journey?** - Whether the view through the rear-view mirrors is adequate - Whether the lights of the trailer are working - ~~Whether the passengers in the caravan trailer have put on their safety belts~~ **What must you remember when you want to use a trailer with overrun brakes behind your car?** - The permissable total mass of the trailer must not exceed the towed load permitted for the car - ~~The permissable maximum speed of this combination of vehicles is 60 km/h, also on autobahns~~ - The breakaway cable is connected to the towing vehicle **What is the maximum number of trailers allowed to be towed by a class B truck?** - 1 trailer **You want to drive a vehicle with a trailer equipped with overrun braking. What do you have to check before beginning the journey?** - I check: - that the connecting device is locked - that the breakaway cable is attached - that the lighting system is working **What must you do after coupling up a single-axle trailer with overrun brakes?** - Attach the breakaway cable to the coupling of the motor vehicle - Raise the jack wheel, if fitted, to the highest setting - Check that the brakes are working **What must you remember when towing?** - The distance between the vehicles must not exceed 5 m - Tow-rope/tow-bar must be clearly marked - ~~Motorcycles may only be towed with a fixed connection~~ **Your car has a fault and can no longer be driven. What must you be aware of during towing?** - During towing: - ~~the motorway may only be used to shorten the journey to the next car garage~~ - the towing cable should be kept as taut as possible - the hazard lights must be switched on on both vehicles **Your car has a fault and can no longer be driven. What must you be aware of during towing?** - During towing - the force required to operate the brake pedal is significantly greater if the engine has failed - a towing bar should be used where possible - ~~the rear fog lights should also be switched on to indicate the towing procedure~~ **What must you remember when loading a trailer?** - The load - must be securely packed - ~~must not project more than 1 m beyond the front of the towing vehicle~~ - must not project more than 1 m beyond the rear reflectors, unless specially marked **You are holding a driving permit class B. Your car has the following specifications:** - **empty mass 1900 kg** - **permissable total mass 2400 kg** - **permissable towed load 1500 kg** **_Which trailer are you allowed to tow?_** - A trailer with a permissable total mass of: - ~~1200 kg~~ - 1000 kg - ~~1500 kg~~ **When does the braking action of a trailer with overrun brakes start?** - ~~When the brake pedal in the truck is activated~~ - When the trailer runs up to the truck - ~~Before the braking action of the truck starts, so that the truck and trailer remain extended~~ **When must a car with trailer driving outside built-up areas on roads with only one lane for each direction keep a sufficient distance from the car in front so that an overtaking vehicle may pull in?** - When the combination of vehicles exceeds **7 m** **You want to tow another vehicle with your car. What must you know?** - You must at least have a driving permit class B - ~~You must at least have a driving permit class BE~~ **You are in your car towing a trailer which has no brakes and you approach a long steep downhill slope. What is correct?** - Make allowance for the pushing effect of the trailer - ~~Relieve the car brakes by disengaging the clutch at frequent intervals~~ - Reduce speed, if necessary, engage low gear in time, be ready to brake **You want to tow a single-axle caravan trailer behind your car. What must you check?** - If additional rear-view mirrors must be mounted because of the width of the trailer - If the permissible trailer load or the permissible coupling of the car are exceeded - ~~If the trailer is licensed to transport passengers~~ **What must you remember when driving a truck and trailer with a trailer equipped with overrun brakes?** - In the case of certain trailers, the "reverse lock" must be engaged before reversing - Reversing without problem is not possible for all trailers - ~~In the case of certain trailers, the "reverse lock" must be engaged before advancing~~ **Which dangerous defects can have occurred on a trailer with overrun brakes which has been parked for some time?** - The brakes may not work because of rust - Cable connections can be defective - ~~Tire pressure may have increased greatly due to exposure to the sun~~ **Where can you find details about the permissable brake-equipped towable mass for your car?** - ~~In the driving license~~ - In the Motor Vehicle Registration - ~~In the insurance certificate~~ **A car with servo brakes has broken down with engine damage. What is correct when towing the car away?** - The car being towed can only achieve slight braking effect even when increased pressure is applied to the pedal - If possible, use a tow-bar - ~~The action of the foot brake is not impaired by the engine not running~~ **A single-axle trailer has an actual gross weight of 600 kg. What is the minimum possible vertical load?** - ~~60 kg (= 10%)~~ - 24 kg (= 4%) - ~~90 kg (= 15%)~~ **You want to attach a trailer to your car. Where will you find the maximum permissible vertical loading of your car?** - In the - ~~Registration certificate Part II (Motor Vehicle Title)~~ - Registration certificate Part I (Motor Vehicle Registration) - operating manual ### Load > **2.5 m**: Max. height a load is allowed to project above of the vehicle. In other words, the load may not exceed a height of 2.5 m above the vehicle > **2.5 m**: Max. height for a load to project up to **50 cm** in front of the vehicle **Up to what height is a load not allowed to project over the front of the vehicle?** - **2.50 m** **What can be the effect of an overload of only 20%?** - The brakes may be overstrained - Steering may become worse - There may be too much strain on the load-bearing parts of the vehicle **You want to transport holiday luggage on the roof of your fully loaded car. What is the roof load limited by?** - The permissable total mass of the car - ~~The roof load indicated in the vehicle registration certificate (Fahrzeugschein)~~ - The stipulations of the vehicle's manufacturer in the owner's manual **Are you allowed to transport persons on the loading platform of your truck?** - Yes, if they must carry out necessary work _(ed. note: fire brigade, sanitation)_ - ~~Yes, to secure the load~~ - ~~Yes, if they have to accompany the load~~ **Where should you store your luggage if possible in order to save fuel?** - In the boot - ~~On a roof rack~~ **How must a load be marked in darkness or bad visibility when it extends laterally more than 40 cm beyond the side lights of the vehicle?** - ~~By switching on the hazard warning lights~~ - By a red light to the back - By a white light to the front **What must you remember if you want to transport a load with your motor vehicle?** - The load must be secured and may not cause unnecesarry noise - ~~Single objects (e.g. poles, rods and horizontal boards) may project beyond the sides of the vehicle~~ **What is the maximum height allowed above the roadway for a red light marking a load extending to the back?** - ~~2.50 m~~ - ~~2.00 m~~ - 1.50 m **What must you do to avoid endangering others by equipment or load which has fallen off your vehicle?** - Depending on the situation, - secure the danger spot and immediately inform the road service or police - remove the parts yourself - ~~proceed and inform the nearest municipal office~~ **What must you reckon with when transporting luggage on the roof of your car?** - The vehicle inclines more on bends - The vehicle's susceptibility to side wind is greater - ~~The vehicle's readhandling is improved on account of the higher center of gravity~~ **Under what conditions is a load allowed to project over the front of a vehicle?** - If the load does not project over more than 50 cm and is above a height of 2.50 m - ~~If the load is marked with a red light~~ ### Hauling **What must be remembered with regard to vehicles with canvas covers?** - ~~When vehicles have canvas covers, a load must not be specially secured~~ - The canvas covers must not obstruct the driver's rear view through the outside mirrors - Unloaded trailers with high canvas cover superstructure are particularly sensitive to side wind