The computer driven markets for instruments like stocks and exchange traded stock options, have transformed finance and the flow of capital. These markets are enabled by order matching engines (and the infrastructure that supports this software). Before computer trading networks and matching engines, stocks where traded on cavernous exchange floors and transaction costs where high. When electronic trading fully matured, floor traders were a fading anachronism and transaction costs had been reduced to pennies a share in many cases. Electronic trading could not exist without advanced network infrastructure, but without the software matching engines no shares would change hands. The computer trading networks, the matching engine software has also created a concentrated nexus of potential failure. Failures in these systems have increased as the frequency and volume on the electronic networks has increased. The position of order matching engines in the trading infrastructure makes these systems o
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from itertools import chain, starmap | |
def flatten_json_iterative_solution(dictionary): | |
"""Flatten a nested json file""" | |
def unpack(parent_key, parent_value): | |
"""Unpack one level of nesting in json file""" | |
# Unpack one level only!!! | |
if isinstance(parent_value, dict): |
This specification is inspired by and supersedes the [AngularJS commit message format][commit-message-format].
We have very precise rules over how our Git commit messages must be formatted. This format leads to easier to read commit history.
Each commit message consists of a header, a body, and a footer.
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$ FILE=/some/path/to/file.txt | |
################################### | |
### Remove matching suffix pattern | |
################################### | |
$ echo ${FILE%.*} # remove ext | |
/some/path/to/file | |
$ FILE=/some/path/to/file.txt.jpg.gpg # note various file exts |