Carl Lumma clumma

name	city	nation	reactor size (MWe)	reactor type	gee-whiz
Oklo	Sunnyvale, CA	USA	2	SFR *	heat pipes
Dunedin Energy Systems	?	Canada	6	LWR	cermet fuel
Gen4 Energy	Denver, CO	USA	25	LFR *
Seaborg	Copenhagen	DK	25	MSR
StarCore Nuclear	Montreal, QC	Canada	30	HTGR
NuScale Power (Fluor)	Portland, OR	USA	50	LWR
X-energy	Greenbelt, MD	USA	50	HTGR
Kairos Power	Oakland, CA	USA	100	FHR	natgas

Prokaryotes (no nucleus, unicellular)
- Archaea (often extremophiles)
- Bacteria
  - Cyanobacteria (have chlorophyll, e.g. spirulina)
  - Spirochetes (cause syphilis & Lyme disease)
Eukaryotes
- Protozoa/Protists (unicellular)
  - Alveolates (phylum; cause malaria, toxoplasmosis)
    - Paramecium (cilia-bearing genus)
Giardia, Cryptosporidium (diarrhea-causing genera)

Hydrochloric acid

What the heck is "20° Baume muriatic acid"? Google to the rescue

It means that 100g of solution contains 31.45g HCl

Your HCl is very near to 10 mol/l or 36.5g/100ml

Strong acids dissociate completely, so pH is just the -log of the concentration (in moles/liter, called the molarity or M)

	Kensington	El Cerrito	Los Gatos
Square miles	1	4	11
People	5,000	25,000	30,000

Starting today, I'm going to send a series of e-mails about the Apollo project. Each e-mail will include some interesting facts and maybe a question. So watch out for questions marks. I want to read your answers!

Basic Info

The Apollo project ran from 1961 to 1972. I was born in 1977.

The Saturn V rocket is the most famous vehicle made during the Apollo project. It flew just one mission after Apollo was cancelled – it launched Skylab in 1973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab

Ages of Growth

Notable 'golden eras' may be caused by contact with steep energy gradients that are eventually depleted.[1] The Dutch golden age, which gave us Huygens, Sweelinck, and Vermeer, was powered by wind and peat. The Victorian era, which gave us Bosanquet among many others, coal.[2] Postwar business cycles are closely associated with changes in the price of oil.[3]

The average YoY growth rate of world oil production 1974-2013 was 1%. Minimum 1961-1973 was 5% (average was 7%).[4]

[1a] http://lumma.org/econ/AgesOfGrowth.html
[1b] https://gist.github.com/clumma/214831723c7d567cc343cc07672737a2
[2a] https://books.google.com/books?id=oQdZAAAAYAAJ
[2b] https://gist.github.com/clumma/2ffed4289963dec56d39

Returns to Scale vs Experience

How many wristwatches are cheaper than Big Ben?

Abstract

Big machines are sometimes more efficient. But they cost more, so fewer can be produced with a finite budget. Small machines are cheaper and may benefit from improvement over time, driven by experience in building more units. When does this experience lead to greater overall efficiency? We derive an approximation which, given a learning rate, tells how much smaller a machine must be to overcome an initial efficiency disadvantage.

Background

Learning curves were characterized in the context of industrial production in the 1930s by Wright.[^1] The production cost of a machine follows a power law in the number of units made so far

	var range = function(min, max) {
	arr = [];
	for (var i = min; i <= max; i++) {
	arr.push(i);
	}
	return arr;
	}
	var fbMod = function(n) {
	var msg = '';
	var result = new Array(n);

	2017-09-18

	d4 0.11
	Nf6
	c4
	e6
	Nf3
	d5 Nc3
	c6 e3 Nbd7 Qc2 Bd6 Bd3 O-O O-O dxc4 Bxc4 a6 Rd1 b5 Bd3 \| 0.11 Semi-Slav
	Bb4 cxd5 exd5 Bg5 h6 Bh4 Bf5 \| 0.14 Ragozin