cosminscn

Year	Acquirer	Target	Price / Structure	Core Focus
2010	Apple	Siri	≈ $200 M	Voice assistant / NLP
2013	Google	DNNresearch (Hinton)	≈ $44 M	Deep CNN research (AlexNet)
2014	Google	DeepMind	$500–650 M	Deep RL & general AI
2015	Facebook	Wit.ai	n/d	Speech / NLU APIs
2016	Intel	Nervana	$350–400 M	DL ASIC & framework
2016

A100 - spec 312 TFLOPS/s

40GB? 80GB HBM ram 20MB cache

Large model run

Commoditization (00:06) — If software gets commoditized by AI, does Nvidia's hardware business get commoditized as well, since TSMC and others handle the actual manufacturing?
Scarce Components (04:28) — With over $100B in purchase commitments, is Nvidia's true moat simply locking up years of scarce components (logic and memory) so competitors can't physically build their accelerators?
Scaling Upstream (08:32) — How do you continue to 2x production year-over-year when you are already taking up the vast majority of TSMC's advanced nodes? Are we entering a regime where AI compute growth has to slow down because of the upstream supply chain?

	# This solver covers a rectangular grid of '.' and 'X' with two non-rotatable tiles:
	# • A (U-shape): on row i it occupies (i,j) and (i,j+3), and on row i+1 it occupies (i+1, j..j+3).
	# • B (horizontal domino): occupies (i,j) and (i,j+1) on the same row.
	# We scan left→right, row→row using top-down DP with memoization. The DP state is
	# (i, j, needA, anchors):
	# – i, j: current row and column being decided.
	# – needA: tuple[bool] of length W marking cells in the CURRENT row that are forced to 'A'
	# because they are the bottom strip of some A placed in the PREVIOUS row.
	# – anchors: tuple of columns where we have already anchored an A in the CURRENT row before j;
	# each anchor at column a also forces (i, a+3) to be 'A' (its top-right leg) and

	"""190-param nanoGPT that adds any two 10-digit numbers. All weights hand-coded."""
	import math
	from dataclasses import dataclass
	import torch, torch.nn as nn
	from torch.nn import functional as F

	# === NanoGPT (from github.com/karpathy/nanoGPT/blob/master/model.py) ===
	# Modifications: sinusoidal PE buffer, configurable mlp_hidden, c_fc bias always on

	class CausalSelfAttention(nn.Module):

	"""
	Dynamic NanoGPT Adder: 130 params + 0 buffers

	transformer.wte.A [10, 1] = 10
	transformer.wte.B [1, 4] = 4
	transformer.h.0.attn.c_attn.weight [12, 4] = 48
	transformer.h.0.attn.c_proj.weight [4, 4] = 16
	transformer.h.0.mlp.c_fc.weight [4, 4] = 16
	transformer.h.0.mlp.c_fc.bias [4] = 4
	transformer.h.0.mlp.c_proj.u [4, 1] = 4

	"""58-param nanoGPT that adds any two 10-digit numbers. No training.

	Down from 130 params. HONEST counting: every stored numerical value is an
	nn.Parameter. Zero buffers. The only "free" things are structural choices
	(which dim connects where), control flow, and pure math (sin/cos/arange
	for PE generation — same convention as the original).

	Parameter budget:
	wte.A (10×1) + wte.B (1×4) = 14 [factorized embedding]
	Q (2 angles + 1 scale) = 3 [rotation-parameterized]

	"""
	Optimized NanoGPT Adder: 66 params + 0 buffers

	transformer.wte.A [10, 1] = 10
	transformer.wte.B [1, 4] = 4
	transformer.h.0.attn.q_proj.angle_h0 [1] = 1
	transformer.h.0.attn.q_proj.angle_h1 [1] = 1
	transformer.h.0.attn.q_proj.scale [1] = 1
	transformer.h.0.attn.k_proj.weight [4, 2] = 8
	transformer.h.0.attn.v_proj.u [4, 1] = 4