The RStudio integrated development environment (IDE) was first released in 2011. The goals of its creators, so far as I can tell, were these. First, they wanted to provide a better R coding experience than could be had through the bare-bones text editor that shipped with R itself. They also wanted to take into account the fact that many new users of R had no previous programming experience, and so had no familiarity with the kinds of tools that support efficient coding workflows. The RStudio IDE was intended to provide a relatively simple unified interface to R, its command line, help system, and plots. It eventually expanded to include limited interfaces to command line utilities like (e.g.,) git and pandoc, which can usefully supplement an R based workflow. Importantly, RStudio was geared toward novice programmers who might be coding only in R.
That said, there are other IDEs that will get the job done. Many of these are more general purpose tools, supporting a number of programming languages beyond R (as