eclecticmiraclecat

>>> class Integer:
...     def __init__(self, name):
...             self.name = name
...     def __get__(self, instance, cls):
...             return instance.__dict__[self.name]
...     def __set__(self, instance, value):
...             if not isinstance(value, int):
...                     raise TypeError('Expected int')
...             instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
... 

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> class Foo:
...     def __init__(self, x):
...             self.x = x
...     def __setattr__(self, name, value):
...             if name not in {'x'}:
...                     raise AttributeError('only x is allowed')
...             super().__setattr__(name, value)
... 
>>> f = Foo(2)
>>> f.x

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> class Foo:
...     def upper(self, value):
...             print(value.upper())
... 
>>> class Bar:
...     def __init__(self):
...             self.foo = Foo()
...     def __getattr__(self, name):
...             return getattr(self.foo, name)
... 

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> import time
>>> def after(seconds, func):
...     time.sleep(seconds)
...     func()
... 
>>> def hello():
...     print('hello world')
... 
>>> def greet(name):
...     print(f'hello {name}')

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> def func(x, y, z):
...     print(x, y, z)
... 
>>> func(1, 2, 3)
1 2 3
>>> func(1, z=3, y=2)
1 2 3
>>> def func(x, *args):
...     print(x)
...     print(args)

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> '''                                                                                
... build quiz game with users
... 
... Users
... 
... Name: alice
... Score: 3
... 
... Name: bob
... Score: 6

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> def tensquared():
...     return 10 * 10
... 
>>> tensquared()
100
>>> def ninesquared():
...     return 9 * 9
... 
>>> ninesquared()
81

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> def add(x, y):
...     return x+y
... 
>>> add(2,3)
5
>>> 
>>> a = lambda : add(2,3)
>>> a
<function <lambda> at 0x7f95b61a0ae8>
>>> a()

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> def boo(func):
...     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
...             print('BOO')
...             return func(*args, **kwargs)
...     return wrapper
... 
>>> def add(x, y):
...     return x + y
... 
>>> add = boo(add)

eclecticmiraclecat

>>> def boo_what(fmt):
...     def boo(func):
...             def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
...                     print(f'BOO {fmt}')
...                     return func(*args, **kwargs)
...             return wrapper
...     return boo
... 
>>> @boo_what('hello')
... def add(x, y):