edenau

class Shape:
    pass

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, length, width):
        self.length = length
        self.width = width
        self.area = length * width
    
    def get_area(self):

edenau

def fibonacci(n): 
    assert n >= 0 and int(n) == n, 'Fibonacci number is defined for non-negative indices only!'
    if n in [0,1]:
        return n
    else:
        a,b = 0,1
        for _ in range(1,n): 
            c = a + b 
            a = b 
            b = c 

edenau

def fibo(n):
    assert n >= 0 and int(n) == n, 'Fibonacci number is defined for non-negative indices only!'
    if n in [0,1]:
        return n
    else:
        return fibo(n-1) + fibo(n-2)

edenau

def factorial(n):
    assert n >= 0 and int(n) == n, 'Factorial function is defined for non-negative integers only!'
    if n in [0,1]:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorial(n-1)

edenau

def sum_of_squares(nums):
    """
    Compute the sum of squares of a list of numbers.

    Args:
        nums (`list` of `int` or `float`): A `list` of numbers.
    Returns:
        ans (`int` or `float`): Sum of squares of `nums`.
    Raises:
        AssertionError: If `nums` contain elements that are not floats nor ints.

edenau

def test(nums):
    for i in nums:
        if i == 0: # if the condition is satisfied, it hits break and the else block will not run
            print('There is a 0.')
            break
    else:
        print('There are no 0s.')
        
test([1,2,3,0]) # There is a 0.
test([1,2,3])   # There are no 0s.

edenau

def trace(func):
    def print_in(*args, **kwargs):
        print('Executing function', func.__name__)
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return print_in
  
@trace
def calc(a,b):
    print(f'a+b is {a+b}, a-b is {a-b}.')  

edenau

def foo2(**kwargs):
    print(type(kwargs))
    for keyword, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f'{keyword}={value}')
        
foo2(a=1, b=2, z='end')

# <class 'dict'>
# a=1
# b=2

edenau

def foo(*args):
    print(type(args))
    for arg in args:
        print(arg)
        
foo(1, 2, 'end')

# <class 'tuple'>
# 1
# 2

edenau

for a in range(5):
    if a == 2:
        continue
    print(a)
    
# 0
# 1
# 3
# 4