This is a brief introduction about how Linux kernel handles the send system call.
This study is based on kernel version 3.7.2, which is the latest stable kernel when writing this study.
In the latest kernel, the system call is defined using the SYSCALL_DEFINEx macro, in which x is the number of arguments. For example, in order to find the definition of asmlinkage long sys_sendto(int, void __user *, size_t, unsigned, struct sockaddr __user *, int);, you need to grep for SYSCALL_DEFINE6 because it has 6 arguments.
The definition of the system call send can be found at net/socket.c.