Here is a too complicated hack to make Nerd fonts work on the Chromebook terminal. There should be an easier way. Please tell me if you find it.
First we need a CORS compliant web server to fetch the font. I didn't want to have to be online to use the terminal so I'm going to run the server locally. Fetch the server.py file (below) and save it to your linux environment. I put it in ~/hacks/nerdfont/server.py. This little script adds the CORS headers to the python3 http server. It will only serve files from the current folder.
In my ~/.bashrc I added these lines:
# make the nerdfont available to the chromebook terminal