16.rb

#
# parse
#

rules, your, nearby = data.split("\n\n")
rules = rules.lines.map do |r|
  r.scan(/(\d+)-(\d+)/).map { |x| Range.new(*x.map(&:to_i)) }
end
your = your.scan(/\d+/).map(&:to_i)
nearby = nearby.lines.map { |l| l.scan(/\d+/).map(&:to_i) }.select(&:present?)

#
# 1
#

answer = nearby.flatten.select { |v| rules.flatten.none? { |r| r === v } }.sum
p answer

#
# 2
#

# reject failures
nearby = nearby.reject do |tix|
  tix.any? { |v| rules.flatten.none? { |r| r === v } }
end

# which columns match?
matches = rules.each.with_index.map do |rule, ri|
  columns = nearby.first.each_index.select do |ii|
    nearby.all? { |tix| rule.any? { |r| r === tix[ii] } }
  end
  [ ri, columns ]
end

# map[rule] => column
map = []
until matches.blank?
  done, matches = matches.partition { |m| m[1].length == 1 }
  done.each do |ri, cols|
    map[ri] = cols.first
    matches.each { |m| m[1].delete(cols.first) }
  end
end

# done
answer = (0..5).map { |ri| your[map[ri]] }.inject(&:*)
p answer