Below is the high-level structure of Design in Practice by Rich Hickey (2023). The talk gives a concrete description of some tools and processes he and his team use for designing things.
Rich says that he believes very strongly that if you take this kind of rigorous approach to doing design, then the thing you make will be smaller and more general due to having designed it.
How do you measure progress in the design process? In programming, progress can be measured by the accretion of functionality. In design, progress can be measured by the accretion of understanding.