Responstable is a CSS solution for responsive tables. It uses the HTML5 attribute data-th and the pseudo :after to create a alternate column header when in mobile view. Because it is designed mobile first you will need the respond.js (https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond) to make it work with IE8 (and below).
A Pen by Jordy van Raaij on CodePen.
Looking for a slightly different solution? Please check out Responstable 1.0!