Matplotlib set suitable font for zh_TW text

Matplotlib-Set-Font-for-zh-TW.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "%matplotlib inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Trying to show zh_TW text in Matplotlib by default, without editing config files, would result in missing glyphs displayed as boxes (tofus)\n",
    "\n",
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "Matplotlib 顯示中文，預設會出現代表字型找不到的方框"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f16059929e8>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.title('Missing Glyph -> −臺− <- Missing Glyph')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 處理 Matplotlib 中文問題\n",
    "* 請跑一次以下程式，並看一下輸出\n",
    "* 它會試著在 Linux、Mac、Windows 下找適合的中文字型，否則會請你安裝一套 Open Source 的"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('Source Han Sans TW', '/usr/share/fonts/adobe-source-han-sans-tw/SourceHanSansTW-Regular.otf')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# matplotlib_set_font_for_zh_TW() either sets a suitable font for Matplotlib for use with zh_TW text or\n",
    "# returns a message asking the user to install a suitable open source font.\n",
    "# It's tested on Linux, Mac OS, Windows 7 & 10.\n",
    "\n",
    "import warnings\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import tempfile\n",
    "import shutil\n",
    "import warnings\n",
    "import tempfile\n",
    "import shutil\n",
    "import logging\n",
    "import matplotlib.font_manager\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "# The Problem:\n",
    "# 1. Matplotlib can't automatically choose a font based on language coverage\n",
    "# 2. Computing language coverage on the fly by scanning directories of font files can be expensive\n",
    "# 3. Matplotlib ignores fonts in TTC (True Type Collection) format,\n",
    "#    since some of its graphics backends doens't support it.\n",
    "\n",
    "# For East Asian CJKV users, the list of fonts Matplotlib knows about is \"weird\" cheifly\n",
    "# because it ignores TTC fonts.\n",
    "\n",
    "def font_doesnt_produce_warnings(font_name, manually_inspect_test_output=False):\n",
    "    plt.rcParams['font.family'] = font_name\n",
    "\n",
    "    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()\n",
    "\n",
    "    fig = plt.figure()\n",
    "    # Having unicode_minus here doesn't really catch code point availability in fonts\n",
    "    # unless we manually inspect the output\n",
    "    unicode_minus = '−'\n",
    "    plt.title(unicode_minus + '臺')\n",
    "    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ws:\n",
    "        warnings.simplefilter('always', UserWarning)\n",
    "        (temp_fd, temp_fname) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.png', dir=temp_dir)\n",
    "        plt.savefig(temp_fname)\n",
    "        os.close(temp_fd)\n",
    "        (temp_fd, temp_fname) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.pdf', dir=temp_dir)\n",
    "        plt.savefig(temp_fname)\n",
    "        os.close(temp_fd)\n",
    "        try:\n",
    "            m = ws[0].message.args[0]\n",
    "        except IndexError:\n",
    "            m = ''\n",
    "    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/31845332/676030\n",
    "    plt.close(fig)\n",
    "    if manually_inspect_test_output:\n",
    "        logging.warning('Test output left in %r for manual inspection' % (temp_dir,))\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)\n",
    "\n",
    "    if m.startswith('find_font: ') and 'not found' in m:\n",
    "        return False\n",
    "    return True\n",
    "\n",
    "install_source_han_msg = ('''Can't find font suitable for zh_TW text.\n",
    "① Get https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/blob/release/SubsetOTF/TW/SourceHanSansTW-Regular.otf (5.4 MB)\n",
    "② Follow \"Font installation instructions\"  on https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/tree/release\n",
    "③ Delete %(cachedir)r\n",
    "and re-try.''') % dict(cachedir=matplotlib.get_cachedir())\n",
    "\n",
    "def matplotlib_set_font_for_zh_TW(manually_inspect_test_output=False):\n",
    "    # zh_TW fonts that matplotlib can use\n",
    "    usable_fonts = [\n",
    "        # NOTE: 'Source Han Sans' causes matplotlib as of 2.0.0 to generate large PDFs\n",
    "        # likely due to lacking font subsetting functionality on OTF fonts.\n",
    "        'Source Han Sans TW', # high quality open source font, TW region-specific subset\n",
    "        'Source Han Sans TC', # TC language-specific subset of the same font\n",
    "        'Arial Unicode MS',   # Mac OS 10.5+\n",
    "        'Microsoft JhengHei', # TTF in Windows 7&8, TTC in Windows 10\n",
    "        # All the Traditional Chinese fonts shipped with Windows 10 is in TTC format\n",
    "        'STSong',  # Office 2016\n",
    "        'STXihei', # Office 2016\n",
    "    ]\n",
    "    ttf_name_to_fname = {x.name:x.fname for x in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.ttflist}\n",
    "    available_fonts = [ x for x in usable_fonts if x in ttf_name_to_fname ]\n",
    "    if not available_fonts:\n",
    "        return install_source_han_msg\n",
    "\n",
    "    font = available_fonts[0]\n",
    "    if not font_doesnt_produce_warnings(font, manually_inspect_test_output):\n",
    "        return install_source_han_msg\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return (font, ttf_name_to_fname[font])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(matplotlib_set_font_for_zh_TW())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "上段程式成功找到適用字型後，顯示中文就會成功了"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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4SWrKwEtSUwZekpoy8JLUlIGXpKYMvCQ19f/ke5A66lgPNwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f15e423afd0>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.title('−臺−')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.4"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}