Advanced Python - 1. Basics

Advanced Python - 1. Basics.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# Advanced Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Getting set up"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "To use this notebook, you'll first need to install miniconda. To get set up you can follow the start of the [instructions given here for Windows, OS X, and Linux](http://www.menpo.org/installation/). Only go as far as 'Setting Up A Fresh Environment' then jump back here to install the stuff we need (not menpo).\n",
    "\n",
    "- Create a Python environment with all the code we need in it\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "> conda create -n advpython python=3 pip matplotlib ipython-notebook\n",
    "```\n",
    "- Activate the environment. On OS X/Linux thats:\n",
    "```\n",
    "> source activate advpython\n",
    "```\n",
    "and on Windows...\n",
    "```\n",
    "> activate advpython\n",
    "```"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Basics"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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     "slide_type": "-"
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   },
   "source": [
    "#### Outputting state"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello world\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('hello world')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "#### Variable definitions"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
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     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# dynamic typing\n",
    "x = 1\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "z = x + y\n",
    "print(z)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'ello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# string literals\n",
    "hello = \"'ello\"\n",
    "world = 'world!'\n",
    "print(hello + \" \" + world)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"1. 'ello\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "# strong typing\n",
    "#x + hello  # TypeError!\n",
    "\n",
    "# explictly cast to show our intent\n",
    "str(x) + \". \" + hello # no complaining"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Formatting strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
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    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1): 'ello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# for building strings though we normally use format\n",
    "# (simple template system - replaces '{}' with input)\n",
    "s = \"{}): {} {}\".format(x, hello, world)\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "internals": {},
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     "slide_type": "-"
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   },
   "source": [
    "### Flow of control"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### `for` loop"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# use range(n) to iterate from 0 -> n-1\n",
    "for i in range(3):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# we can also set the start and step size\n",
    "for i in range(1, 3):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "25\n",
      "50\n",
      "75\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# jump by 25\n",
    "for i in range(0, 76, +25):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "75\n",
      "50\n",
      "25\n",
      "0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# go backwards\n",
    "for i in range(75, -1, -25):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Side note - use ? to find out what a function does"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# note this is IPython specific!\n",
    "range?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### Side note - use shift + tab to see this inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "range(# hit shift + tab immediately after '('"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#### if else elif"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "internals": {},
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "-"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hmm i is 3..\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 3\n",
    "\n",
    "if i == 2:\n",
    "    print('wahoo i is 2!')\n",
    "elif i == 3:\n",
    "    print('hmm i is 3..')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('sadly, i is not 2...')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### basic functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def print_name(name):\n",
    "    print('hello {}'.format(name))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello james\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print_name('james')"
   ]
  }
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