jdittrich

6 Many representation building activities are done by specialists AND laypeople alike (with different focus); Maps can be printed and carefully standardized, or drawn on the back of a napkin.
7 Representations create by "makers", interpreted by "users" and adapted to each other’s needs
7 Some "innovators" ignore adaption, thus have few users but try new things
8 Representations about society can be music, novels, maps, tables, ethnographies
11 simplified: There are facts and there are "interpretations"
11 "Facts" are bound to theories (Kuhn)
12 Lots of categorization is part of human life [See SL Star]
13 Things accepted as "facts" by a specific community gathered in a way acceptable to them
15 report = representation
15 Verbs better than nouns in reporting: Not film, but "making a film" or "seeing a film". Nouns are "frozen remains of collective action"

2 We must rely on science and technolgy to recolve the problems they have produced
3 The controling factor in the design problem ("what to create") is what we take the human condition to be (what we (should) value)
4 Frequent assumption: Science is clear and objective, technology is applied science [see: Schön, Reflective Practicioner]
7 Analogy: Biological diversity is important; so is knowledge diversity.
7 There are many unclarities in scientific knowledge, making "correct" anwers dependend on how the unclarities are interpreted.
10 Science is a local practice
11 Theories as boundary objects [SL Star]
13 All knowledge is local and equivalencies beyond local need to be created rather than found
20 Trust (in others, in representations) enables knowledge
21ff The calendar as tool to connect people, rituals, places in anasazi culture

2 Obama administration combined political ideas with Web 2.0 ideas
3 "openness" is now a central concern in politics
5 Wikipedia as example for networked knowledge production
7 Wikipedia as "post political", no agonist/antagonist models, but merit, charisma ad-hocracy and the possibility to looselessly leave by "forking"
12 Need for woman's contributions is framed by Wikimedia spokesperson  as "they can bring information which other's cant" (instead of fairness or so)
15 Popper = Openness in politics
18 Popper: It is not about race, class or identity but how knowledge and practices can change
19 Hayeck= Neoliberal. Similar thought structures as popper. Since modern societies are too complex as system, a decentralized solution is needed to organize working together: The market
20 "Open Source" arguments are isomorph to Hayeck’s/Popper’s argumetns. They are not gainst closed knowledge, but against closed infrastrucutre.

23 Stallman = political = "free"; Raymond= unpoliti

Bowker, Geoffrey C., und Susan Leigh Star. Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. MIT press, 2000.

3 Classification is not escapable
5 that things are made visible and vice-versa other things invisible by classification is also not escapable. See 82
10 Classification can be seen as metaphorical boxes to sort stuff into
13: Standards a) are agreed upon rules for producing things (like a standard for producing e.g. a CEE 7/4 F AC plug) b) span diferent communities of practice c) make different things work together (e.g. internet protocols, files, PCs…) c) often tied to regulation d) Not the technologically "best" standard wins (e.g. Betamax vs. VHS)
29 Classification can make formerly invisible things visible. But visible things can now be also surveilled by others see 252
31 Classifications merge sciecne, practice, buerocracy and information systems
33 the easier to use and the more widespread and "big" they are, the harder it is to see information systems.
34 Infrastruct

10: Specify in your text (X happens IF Y) rather than qualify (X TENDS to… which COULD…)

12 Remember: The only version that counts is the last one, so give it a go

17: You can't "use" Marx. Or Durkheim. They are not hammers.

17: You can't first think and then, when the thinking is done write all the thinking down.

23: Unclear prose will trigger unclear advice from people how edit/proofread/help you

	META: Initial number is the page number, text following "→" refers to other works or concepts.

	13 Systems have their own system problems in addition to what they are build to do
	17 Systems tend to expand. DIY expands (more things are DIY-able) and manufacturing expands (more different things are manufactured)
	26 State-able goals ≠goals ≠ known things. see: Accountability, Garfinkel
	28 recreate the world in the image of administration → campbell’s law in: "Assessing the impact of planned social change"
	32 Being perfectly prepared for the past → Weick, sensemaking
	33 There is always an older system interfering with the current system → S.L Star, Steps Towards an Ecology of Infrastructure: Complex Problems in Design and Access for Large-scale Collaborative Systems
	38 People in the system do not what the system should be doing but do system things (Bittner?)
	40 The goals of a system is determined by what the system can do (→ Weick, Sensemaking in Organizations → Bowker, Forgetting in Organizations → Some capi

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	Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1991. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New Ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.



	15 What passes as knowledge?
	21 relation to mannheim’s ideology concept (short: Everyone’s believes are the product of the context they are created in)
	22 collecting different perspectives = clearer view (see also Mannheim)
	22 Mannheim: Utopian though transforms reality in an image oif it (see also: Fictionalism?)
	26 Theories are only a small part of what people see as "real"
	37 Everyday reality is accepted as suchg and not verified over and over again

	16: Logically K.Poppers ideas make sense, but they assume that observations are neutral.

	20: Nominalism/Essentialism: Woolgars use seems similar, though not the same as Poppers position (as in "The Open Society and its Enemies" and others).

	22 science used to be excluded from sociologist’s studies

	36: Representation precedes the object

	42 Science is seen as "what is not social"