If you all want to learn more about the command line, one thing we didn't really touch on is input/output redirection, which is ultimately what makes the command line so powerful. On the command line, you can take the output of one program and feed it as input to another program.
The power of the command line lies in its composability. The command line has general mechanisms for taking existing programs and combining them to produce new programs.
Think of this as a system-wide API that you get "for free" by using the command line. You can chain a sequence of programs together, each one feeding its output as the input to the next one in the chain, to produce a "new" program. None of the programs involved need to know they're being used in this way.
This kind of "composability" is much harder with a GUI, so programs tend to be monolithic and only interact with other programs in pre-defined, pre-sanctioned ways.