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-- want to get counts of people who's last name starts with a vowel (AEIOU)
-- case, substring

-- SUM(CASE WHEN x.thing = 'whatever' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as counts_of_whatever

SELECT t.my_case_outcome, count(*) FROM (
SELECT c.*, substring(c.last_name, '^[AEIOUaeiou]') as x,

CASE
 WHEN substring(c.last_name, '^[AEIOUaeiou]') IS NOT NULL THEN 'last_starts_vow'

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# Finding the area of a circle through simulation?
import math
import random

def dart_throw_simulator(radius, runs):
    hits = 0
    for run in range(runs):
        rand_x = random.uniform(-2,2)
        rand_y = random.uniform(-2,2)
        c_squared = (rand_x ** 2) + (rand_y ** 2)

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import numpy as np
import random


# Create a parent distribution, from the gamma family
shape, scale = 2., 2.  # mean=4, std=2*sqrt(2)
s = np.random.gamma(shape, scale, 100000)
print(np.mean(s))
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.special as sps

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# How to determine sample size through simulation
import random
from collections import Counter

things = ['camel', 'horse', 'donkey', 'mule', 'bulldozer', 'chain', 'machete', 'tool' ,'border collie', 'widget']
weights = [random.random() * 1000 for _ in range(10)]

assert(len(things) == len(weights))

universe = random.choices(things, weights=weights, k=100000)

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# YouTube Walk Through: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JwdenBGmEo&feature=youtu.be

def return_change(to_return, coins = [.01, .05, .10, .25, 1.0, 5.0]):
    flag = None
    for c in coins:
        if c == to_return:  return c
        if c < to_return:
            flag = c
    temp_balance = round(to_return - flag, 2)
    return [flag] + [return_change(temp_balance)]

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# python 3.6

### 10 heads in a row, 10 tails in a row
from collections import Counter
from itertools import groupby

print(1 / (.50 ** 11))
# 1024 tosses to get 1 string of heads or tails consecutive

outcomes = ''

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numerals = {"I":1, "V":5, "X":10, "L": 50, "C": 100, "D": 500, "M": 1000 }

def convert_roman(input_number):
  range_flag = None
  for symbol, integer in numerals.items():
    if integer == input_number: return symbol
    if input_number > integer:
      range_flag = symbol
      
  remaining = input_number - numerals[range_flag]