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d3 = function() {
  var d3 = {
    version: "3.2.7"
  };
  if (!Date.now) Date.now = function() {
    return +new Date();
  };
  var d3_document = document, d3_documentElement = d3_document.documentElement, d3_window = window;
  try {
    d3_document.createElement("div").style.setProperty("opacity", 0, "");

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\newcommand{\bigly}{\Big}
\newcommand{\BIG}{\bigg}
\newcommand{\NotoriousBIG}{\Bigg}

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library(purrr)

compose2 <- function (...)  {
  fs <- lapply(list(...), match.fun)
  n <- length(fs)
  last <- fs[[n]]
  rest <- fs[-n]
  newf <- function(...) {
    cl <- match.call()
    cl[[1L]] <- last

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library("pollstR")
library("dplyr")

# Get the list of available charts
charts <- pollstr_charts()
# Filter charts for any chart matching 2016
charts_2016_slugs <- grep("^2016", charts$charts$slug, value = TRUE)
charts_2016_slugs %>% head()

# These can be used when querying charts or polls

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filter(ESS, ! (ESS$cntry %in% c('CZ', 'EE', 'HU', "PL", "SI", "SK") & essround == 1))

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library("dplyr")
library("tidyr")
library("ggplot2")

# Create data frame with columns: country, variable, value
long_df_by_country <-
  df %>%
    select(country, var1, var2, var3) %>%
    gather(variable, value, - country)
    

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bootstrap <- function (df, m, block = FALSE)  {
  n <- nrow(df)
  attr(df, "indices") <-
  if (is(df, "grouped_df") && length(attr(df, "indices")) && block) {
    replicate(m, 
              unlist(lapply(attr(df, "indices"), 
                            function(x) sample(length(x), replace = TRUE)),
                     recursive = FALSE, use.names = FALSE),
              simplify = FALSE)
  } else {

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library("stringr")
str_pad(c(1, 12, 123, 1234, 12345), 5, side = "left", pad = "0")

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p <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_point(aes(x = wt, y = mpg,
                                     colour=factor(gear))) +
  facet_wrap(~am)

# Change the size of axis titles to be 2 x that of the default text size using function rel
# Change the size of the axis text to be 8 pt
p + theme_economist() + scale_colour_economist() +
  theme(axis.title = element_text(size = rel(2)),
        axis.text = element_text(size = 8)

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#' Code to generate spells, and times since last failure from failure indicator variables
library(dplyr)

fill_na <- function(x, fill = 0) {
  x[is.na(x)] <- fill
  x
}

spells_from_failures <- function(x) {
  #' if an obs is the beginning of a new spell, the previous