I ran into this issue while at work and came up with this solution. This gist is mostly just documentation for myself so I can remember what I did 6 months from now. I am in no way saying that this is the right way to fix things but I'll be thrilled if this is in any way helpful to others. That being said, I make no guarantees that bad things will not happen to your machine if you follow these directions. Proceed at your own risk.
Although, I mention using the following setup to resolve an issue I was having using xmonad as my windows manager, I don't think there's anything special about it. It should be possible to use the following steps with any windows manager.
Setting up multiple monitors in xmonad requires defining the screen configuration using xrandr. The problem is that xmonad does not respond to a laptop being placed or removed from a docking station. Obviously, the solution is to update the monitor configuration on the