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var results = [], 
    i = fruitsOfTheWorld.length, 
    j;

while (i--) {
  results.unshift([]);
  var j = fruitsOfTheWorld[i].length;
  while (j--) {
    results[0].unshift(capitalize(fruitsOfTheWorld[i][j]));
  }

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function capitalize(s) {
  return s.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1).toLowerCase();
}

var fruitsOfTheWorld = [
  ["apple", "pineapple", "pear"],
  ["manzana", "pera", "piña"],
  ["poma", "perera", "ananàs"]
];

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Gettin' Freaky Functional w/Curried JavaScript

Partial application refers to the practice of partially filling in a functions parameters with arguments, deferring others to be filled-in at a later time. JavaScript libraries like Underscore facilitate partial function application - but the API isn't for everyone. I, for one, feel icky sprinkling calls to _.partial and _.bind throughout my application.

Curried functions (found in Haskell and supported by Scala, among others) can be partially-applied with little ceremony; no special call format is required. In this blog post, I'll demonstrate an approach to currying JavaScript functions at the time of their definition in a way that enables partial function application without introducing lots of annoying parens, anonymous function expressions. This post is mostly for the lulz; I hope it stretches your mind, if nothing else.

Currying in JavaScript: Usually a Huge Pain

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exports.index = function(req, res) {
  async.waterfall([
    //
    // validate the search string
    //
    function(cb) {
      // paramValidate protocol :
      // url, sort ording, sorting field, searching field, valid attributes and callback
      util.paramValidate(req.url, 'desc', 'id', Models.City.attributes, function (err, params) {
        cb(err, params);

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(defn internal-error
  "Generate an HTTP response map representing an Internal Server Error."
  [body]
  (assoc (response body) :status 500))

(defn post-notes-handler
  "Map an HTTP request to a newly-created note."
  [req-body]
  (let [[note error] (validate-note req-body)]
    (if error

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(def db-config "jdbc:h2:mem:pipeline;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1")

(defn create-note
  "Given a note's text, insert into database and return autogenerated id"
  [{text :text}]
  (try [(-> (query :notes)
            (insert {:text text})
            (exec db-config)
            first
            vals

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(defn bad-request
  "Generate an HTTP response map representing a Bad Request."
  [body]
  (assoc (response body) :status 400))

(defn ok
  "Generate an HTTP response map representing a successful request."
  [body]
  (assoc (response body) :status 200))

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(defn validate-note
  "Ensure that the provided note is valid."
  [note]
  (err->> note
          ensure-text-presence
          ensure-text-length))

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(defn validate-note
  "Ensure that the provided note is valid."
  [note]
  (let [[note error] (ensure-text-presence note)
        [note error] (if (nil? error) (ensure-text-length note) [nil error])]))

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(defn ensure-text-presence
  [params]
  "Ensure (body :text) is present"
  (if (empty? (params :text))
    [nil, "Please provide text for your note"]
    [params]))

(defn ensure-text-length
  "Ensure that the length of the text is between 1 and 140 characters"
  [params]