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public class ProgressRequestBody extends RequestBody {
    private File mFile;
    private String mPath;
    private UploadCallbacks mListener;

    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;

    public interface UploadCallbacks {
        void onProgressUpdate(int percentage);
        void onError();

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class IOHelper {
    public byte[] readBytes(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        // this dynamically extends to take the bytes you read
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        // this is storage overwritten on each iteration with bytes
        int bufferSize = 1024;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];

        // we need to know how may bytes were read to write them to the byteBuffer

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/**
 * Convert the dps to pixels, based on density scale
 * @param dp value expressed in dps
 * @return value expressed in pixels
 */
public int dpToPixel(int dp) {
    // Get the screen's density scale
    float scale = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
    // Add 0.5f to round the figure up to the nearest whole number
    return (int) (dp * scale + 0.5f);

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/**
 * Created by weiyi.li on 4/7/16.
 * This activity includes {@link AlbumFragment} and {@link ThumbnailFragment}.
 */
public class TwoFragmentsActivity extends BasicOperationActivity {
    private boolean mShowingThumbnail = true;
    @Dvr.DvrFolder private int mFolderType = Dvr.DVR_FOLDER_LOOPED_VIDEOS;
    private FragmentManager mFm;
    private AlbumFragment mAlbumFragment;
    private ThumbnailFragment mThumbnailFragment;

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/**
 * Created by weiyi on 2/23/16.
 * http://li2.me/2016/08/make-a-reusable-ui-in-android-app-development.html
 */
public class SingleFragmentActivtiy extends BasicActivity {
    @Override
    protected String getActionBarTitle() {
        return "Single Fragment Activity";
    }

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/**
 * Created by weiyi.li on 2/19/16.
 * http://li2.me/2016/08/make-a-reusable-ui-in-android-app-development.html
 */
public abstract class BasicOperationActivity extends BasicActivity {
    private ToggleButton mOperationBtn1;
    private ToggleButton mOperationBtn2;

    /** Override this method to inflate bottom toolbar layout. */
    @Override

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/**
 * Created by weiyi.li on 2/19/16
 * li2.me/2016/08/make-a-reusable-ui-in-android-app-development.html
 */
public abstract class BasicActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    protected TextView mActionTitleView;
    protected TextView mActionBackBtn;
    protected Button mActionCloseBtn;
    protected Fragment mContentFragment;

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/topActionbarLayout"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:elevation="@dimen/elevation_header">

    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

    <include
        layout="@layout/toolbar_actionbar"

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// https://stackoverflow.com/a/38847374/2722270

public abstract class BasicServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    protected DvrService mDvrService;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_basic);
        attachService();