There's not a complete hook system designed in Bash when compared with other modern shells. PROMPT_COMMAND variable is used as a hook in Bash, which is equivalent to precmd hook in ZSH, fish_prompt in Fish. For the time being, ZSH is the only shell I've known that has a chpwd hook builtin.
PROMPT_COMMAND
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute before the printing of each primary prompt ($PS1).
https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/bash/manual/bash.html#Bash-Variables