morpheuslord

Recent studies have explored various machine learning and deep learning approaches to predict air quality, achieving notable performance metrics:

1. Optimized Machine Learning Model for AQI Prediction in Indian Cities (2023):

   • Method: Combined Grey Wolf Optimization with Decision Tree algorithms.
   • Performance: Achieved accuracy rates of 88.98% for New Delhi, 91.49% for Bangalore, 94.48% for Kolkata, 97.66% for Hyderabad, 95.22% for Chennai, and 97.68% for Visakhapatnam. (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

2. AirPhyNet: Physics-Guided Neural Network for Air Quality Prediction (2024):

   • Method: Integrated physics principles of air particle movement into a deep learning framework.

• Performance: Demonstrated superior accuracy in lead times up to 72 hours, with reductions in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) by 3.7% and 6.1%, respectively, compared to other methods. ([arxiv.org](https

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Evaluation of the Model Performance

1. Confusion Matrix Analysis

• The diagonal values indicate correctly classified samples.
• Class 0 (207,107 samples) has perfect classification (no false positives).
• Misclassifications are observed in Classes 1, 2, and 3 but are relatively low compared to correct predictions.
• Classes 2 and 3 have the highest true positive counts, indicating strong performance.

✅ Conclusion: The model effectively classifies the dominant categories but might require fine-tuning to improve minor class predictions.

morpheuslord

Here is a table covering all the pollutants mentioned in your dataset (AP001.csv), including their size, effects, and categorization based on their impact:

Pollutant	Size/Measurement	Effects on Health & Environment	Categorization (Good to Hazardous)
PM2.5	≤ 2.5 µm	Deep lung penetration, cardiovascular & respiratory diseases.	Good (0-30), Moderate (31-60), Unhealthy (61-90), Very Unhealthy (91-120), Hazardous (121+)
PM10	≤ 10 µm	Causes throat irritation, respiratory issues, and reduced visibility.	Good (0-50), Moderate (51-100), Unhealthy (101-250), Very Unhealthy (251-350), Hazardous (351+)
NO (Nitric Oxide)	ppb (parts per billion)	Contributes to smog & acid rain, impacts lung funct

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1. Cryptography (Most Repeated)

• What is a One-Time Pad? Provide the formula, an advantage, and a disadvantage.
• What is a block cipher mode? Can you describe a mode of your choice?
• Compare HMAC-SHA3 with RSA-based digital signatures in terms of integrity, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.
• What are the four main primitives used in a round of AES? Provide their names and a one-sentence description of each.
• Why is authentication of Diffie-Hellman key exchange parameters important?
• Explain Kerckhoff’s principle.
• What is a digital certificate, and how is it used in HTTPS? Who issues and verifies it? What attacks can occur if certificates are not used?
• What is a downgrade attack in cryptographic protocols, and how can it be prevented?

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1. Cryptography (Highest Likelihood Topics)

• AES Encryption & Block Ciphers
  • What are the four main primitives in a round of AES?
  • What is a block cipher mode? Describe one mode and its properties.
• Public-Key Cryptography & Key Exchange
  • Why is authentication necessary in Diffie-Hellman key exchange?
• What is a downgrade attack in cryptographic protocols? How can it be prevented?