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namespaces - overview of Linux namespaces http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/namespaces.7.html
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mount_namespaces - overview of Linux mount namespaces
Update in 2024
In 2024 I'm actually having a good time using mupdf.
About my experience with mupdf:
It's written in C, but you can use it in many ways. Command line, python lib (pymupdf), js, and others.
I still coundn't find issues that I had with other tools and weird broken PDFs, so I'd say pretty good.