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Entropy

Entropy can be understood as the minimum amount of data needed to be transmitted in order to communicate a piece of information. Concretely, this is the average number of bits needed to encode a message. For example, imagine a spaceship sends a status code every minute to indicate if it has found any alien civilization. The code is any letter from the English alphabet, with $A$ meaning "nothing new", and some other letter describing the alien. For example $F$ means the alien is friendly, and $B$ means the alien is blue, etc. For simplicity assume every code is only 1-letter long. Then we can simply encode this status

	#!/usr/bin/env python

	import cgi
	import sqlite3

	# Create or connect to the SQLite database
	conn = sqlite3.connect('gb.db')
	cursor = conn.cursor()

	# Create a table to store guestbook entries if it doesn't exist

	#!/bin/ksh

	# Function to create the SQLite database and table if they don't exist
	create_database() {
	if [ ! -f guestbook.db ]; then
	sqlite3 guestbook.db 'CREATE TABLE entries (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, message TEXT)'
	fi
	}

	# Function to fetch and display guestbook entries

	CREATE TABLE t1 (x INTEGER);
	CREATE TABLE t2 (x INTEGER);

	INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1), (1), (2), (3);
	INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (2), (1), (3), (2);

	-- If t1=t2 (meaning they are the same bag/multiset), then the following should return nothing.

	-- Sanity check: do they contain the same set of elements (ignoring duplicates)?

	use egg::*;

	/// A [`Condition`] that checks if a pattern is already in the egraph.
	pub struct ConditionExists<L> {
	p: Pattern<L>,
	}

	impl<L: Language> ConditionExists<L> {
	/// Create a new [`ConditionExists`] condition given a pattern.
	pub fn new(p: Pattern<L>) -> Self {

	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html>
	<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<title>Examples of D3 transitions</title>
	<style>
	svg {
	border: 1px solid black;
	}
	fieldset {

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	/Users/rem/metalift/txl/qbs/allbench//GuidanceService.java
	{
	java.util.Set<wilos.model.spem2.activity.Activity> tmp = new java.util.HashSet<wilos.model.spem2.activity.Activity>();
	this.guidanceDao.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(_guidance);
	java.util.Iterator extfor$iter = _guidance.getActivities().iterator();
	while (extfor$iter.hasNext())
	{
	wilos.model.spem2.activity.Activity act = (wilos.model.spem2.activity.Activity) extfor$iter.next();
	tmp.add(act);
	}

	/Users/rem/metalift/txl/qbs/allbench//WorkProductSExpTableBean.java
	{
	int numberOfFinishedActivity = 0;
	wilos.model.misc.project.Project project = this.projectService.getProject(((java.lang.String) wilos.presentation.web.utils.WebSessionService.getAttribute(wilos.presentation.web.utils.WebSessionService.PROJECT_ID)));
	if (this.concreteActivityService.getConcreteActivitiesFromProject(project).size() != 0)
	{
	labeled_1: {
	java.util.Iterator extfor$iter = this.concreteActivityService.getConcreteActivitiesFromProject(project).iterator();
	while (extfor$iter.hasNext())
	{