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For MacOS Catalina, visit Install mysql2 on MacOS Catalina

Problem

Installing mysql2 gem errors on MacOS Mojave.

Solution

Make sure openssl is installed on Mac via Homebrew.

Recently, Let's Encrypt launched free wildcard certificates. While this is good news in and of itself, as it removes one of the last remaining reasons for expensive commercial certificates, I've unfortunately seen a lot of people dangerously misunderstand what wildcard certificates are for.

Therefore, in this brief post I'll explain why you probably shouldn't use a wildcard certificate, as it will put your security at risk.

A brief explainer

It's generally pretty poorly understood (and documented!) how TLS ("SSL") works, so let's go through a brief explanation of the parts that are important here.

The general (simplified) idea behind how real-world TLS deployments work, is that you:

	# frozen_string_literal: true
	# config/initializers/colorized_logger.rb

	# This initializer adds color to the Rails logger output. It's a nice way to
	# visually distinguish log levels.
	module ColorizedLogger
	COLOR_CODES = {
	debug: "\e[36m", # Cyan
	info: "\e[32m", # Green
	warn: "\e[33m", # Yellow

	# frozen_string_literal: true

	class ApplicationService
	def self.call(...)
	new(...).call
	end

	def initialize(...)
	end
	end

	module Emoji
	# Emojis found from link below
	# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/omnidan/node-emoji/master/lib/emoji.json
	SYMBOL_LOOKUP = JSON.parse(File.read("#{Rails.root}/emoji.json"))
	STRING_LOOKUP = SYMBOL_LOOKUP.invert
	ALL_REGEXP = Regexp.union(STRING_LOOKUP.keys)

	def find(symbol)
	SYMBOL_LOOKUP[symbol.to_s]
	end

	desc "switch rails logger to stdout"
	task :verbose => [:environment] do
	Rails.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)
	end

	desc "switch rails logger log level to debug"
	task :debug => [:environment, :verbose] do
	Rails.logger.level = Logger::DEBUG
	end

	# Parses YouTube URLs directly or from iframe code. Handles:
	# * Address bar on YouTube url (ex: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFqlHhCNBOI)
	# * Direct http://youtu.be/ url (ex: http://youtu.be/ZFqlHhCNBOI)
	# * Full iframe embed code (ex: <iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ZFqlHhCNBOI">)
	# * Old <object> tag embed code (ex: <object><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZFqlHhCNBOI">...)

	/(youtu\.be\/\|youtube\.com\/(watch\?(.*&)?v=\|(embed\|v)\/))([^\?&"'>]+)/
	$5 #=> the video ID

	# test it on Rubular: http://rubular.com/r/eaJeSMkJvo

	# copied from (thanks!): http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/615

	str = <<HTML_TEXT
	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
	"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
	<html>
	<body>
	<h1>Application error</h1>
	<p>Change this error message for exceptions thrown outside of an action (like
	in Dispatcher setups or broken Ruby code) in public/500.html</p>