pry(main)> cd Article pry(Article)>ls -mj --grep validate #many options here (--help to learn more), this one will list all singleton methods and search for validate methods #=> _validate_callbacks ### at any point call 'nesting' to get an overview of where you are at. pry(main)> nesting # => # Nesting status: # -- # 0. main (Pry top level) # 1. Article