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#include<iostream> 

using namespace std;

int main() {
  //long x = 1;
  long x = -1;

  // A pointer to the bit pattern, interpreted as a 32-bit signed int
  int* i = (int*) &x;

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boolean a = false;
boolean b = true;

// Example 1

if(b); 
  a = true;
System.out.println(a)

// Example 2

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public class Expressions {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Expressions evaluate to a value...
        int z = 1 + 1;
        //      ^^^^^

        // Statements do not. 
        System.out.println("This is a statement.");
        

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public class ForLoops {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // for ( init ; test ; increment ) {
        //     body
        // }

        // 1) The 'init' code runs once to set things up at the very start of the loop.
        // 2) The boolean 'test' is evaluated.

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import java.util.Random;
 
public class Arrays {    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Declaration style. 
        int arrayTwo[] = new int[3];
        int[] arrayOne = new int[3];   // This is better! []'s are part of the type!!

        // Indexing: We always refer to the first element of an array [0].
        // ex. subway example

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public class AdHocPolymorphism {

    // ad hoc polymorphism to refers to
    // polymorphic functions which can be
    // applied to arguments of different types,

    public static class Adder {

        // Note: int[] is not coercible to double[]

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import java.util.Random;

public class SubtypePolymorphism {

    public static abstract class Animal {
        public abstract String talk();

        public void write() {
            System.out.println(this.talk());
        }

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public class Node {

    private int value;
    private Node next;

    public Node(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public Node getNext() {

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public class TwoDimensionalArrays {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // An array keeps track of multiple pieces of information in linear order.
        // A one-dimensional list.

        // The data associated with certain programs (a digital image, a board game, etc.)
        // lives in two dimensions. To model this data, we need a multi-dimensional data
        // structure, that is, a multi-dimensional array.

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Exceptions {

    // An exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program