python_beginner2-1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python 3日目\n",
    "\n",
    "## List, Tuple, Dictionaly"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### List\n",
    "* Pythonの世界の配列。Listは可変長配列。追加や削除が行える。\n",
    "* 他のプログラミング言語と同じで順序を持つ。\n",
    "* あるプログラムの中で配列の要素が変化するものはこちら。\n",
    "* [] で表現される"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruits = [\"Apple\", \"Banana\", \"Lemon\"]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Apple'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple\n",
    "* こちらも配列。配列をさらに追加・削除を行えなくした固定長配列。\n",
    "* コンピューターの世界ではこちらの方が演算効率・メモリ効率が良いので、\n",
    "* Listと同じで順序を持つ。\n",
    "* あるプログラムの中で配列の要素が変化しないものはこちらを使ってあげるとコンピューターフレンドリー。\n",
    "* あまり気にしないのであればList使っても良い。\n",
    "* `()`で表現"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 例えば、都道府県の配列。都道府県はそう簡単に増えたり減ったりしないのでtupleでok。\n",
    "# 都道府県コードと合わせるために1つ目の要素はNone\n",
    "prefecture = (None, \"北海道\", \"青森県\", \"岩手県\", \"宮城県\", \"秋田県\", \"山形県\", \"福島県\", \"茨城県\", \"栃木県\", \n",
    "              \"群馬県\", \"埼玉県\", \"千葉県\", \"東京都\", \"神奈川県\", \"新潟県\", \"富山県\", \"石川県\", \"福井県\", \n",
    "              \"山梨県\", \"長野県\", \"岐阜県\", \"静岡県\", \"愛知県\", \"三重県\", \"滋賀県\", \"京都府\", \"大阪府\", \n",
    "              \"兵庫県\", \"奈良県\", \"和歌山県\", \"鳥取県\", \"島根県\", \"岡山県\", \"広島県\", \"山口県\", \"徳島県\", \n",
    "              \"香川県\", \"愛媛県\", \"高知県\", \"福岡県\", \"佐賀県\", \"長崎県\", \"熊本県\", \"大分県\", \"宮崎県\", \n",
    "              \"鹿児島県\", \"沖縄\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "東京都\n",
      "沖縄\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(prefecture[13])\n",
    "print(prefecture[47])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Dictionaly\n",
    "* Pythonの世界の連想配列(HashTable)。\n",
    "  * Javascriptの世界ではObjectと呼ばれてたモノ。Rubyの世界ではHash。\n",
    "* KeyとValueで構成される。\n",
    "* 順序を持たない。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "person = {\n",
    "  \"name\": \"tarou\",\n",
    "  \"age\": 18,\n",
    "  \"hoby\": [\"Basketball\", \"Music\", \"Dance\"]\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'tarou'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person['name']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## リスト\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['append',\n",
      " 'clear',\n",
      " 'copy',\n",
      " 'count',\n",
      " 'extend',\n",
      " 'index',\n",
      " 'insert',\n",
      " 'pop',\n",
      " 'remove',\n",
      " 'reverse',\n",
      " 'sort']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## dirで__がついてないものだけを表示\n",
    "\n",
    "import pprint as pp\n",
    "\n",
    "tuple_methods = []\n",
    "for method in dir(list):\n",
    "    if not method.startswith(\"__\"):\n",
    "        tuple_methods.append(method)\n",
    "    \n",
    "pp.pprint(tuple_methods)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# append\n",
    "\n",
    "x = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "x.append(\"d\")\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# extend\n",
    "# 複数追加、引数がstrか[]を受け付ける\n",
    "\n",
    "x = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "x.extend([\"d\", \"e\", \"f\"])\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "remove method\n",
      "['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
      "['a', 'c']\n",
      "del method\n",
      "['あ', 'い', 'う']\n",
      "['あ', 'う']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# remove\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"remove method\")\n",
    "x = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "x.remove(\"b\")\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "\n",
    "# del\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"del method\")\n",
    "y = [\"あ\", \"い\", \"う\"]\n",
    "print(y)\n",
    "del y[1]\n",
    "print(y)\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2, 3, 3, 5, 10]\n",
      "[10, 5, 3, 3, 2]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sort, reverse\n",
    "x = [10, 3, 5, 2, 3]\n",
    "x.sort()\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "\n",
    "x.reverse()\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## range\n",
    "\n",
    "Python3ではrangeがrange classを返すように変わってる"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range(0, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "range(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(range(5))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## タプル"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['count', 'index']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "## dirで__がついてないものだけを表示\n",
    "\n",
    "import pprint as pp\n",
    "\n",
    "tuple_methods = []\n",
    "for method in dir(tuple):\n",
    "    if not method.startswith(\"__\"):\n",
    "        tuple_methods.append(method)\n",
    "    \n",
    "pp.pprint(tuple_methods)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```\n",
    "＿人人人人人人人人人人人人人＿\n",
    "＞　countとindexしかない！　＜\n",
    "￣Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y^Y￣\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('Hello', 'World')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 勝手にTupleに変換されてる\n",
    "\"Hello\", \"World\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## ディクショナリ"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['clear',\n",
      " 'copy',\n",
      " 'fromkeys',\n",
      " 'get',\n",
      " 'items',\n",
      " 'keys',\n",
      " 'pop',\n",
      " 'popitem',\n",
      " 'setdefault',\n",
      " 'update',\n",
      " 'values']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# dir \n",
    "import pprint as pp\n",
    "\n",
    "dict_methods = []\n",
    "for method in dir({}):\n",
    "    if not method.startswith(\"__\"):\n",
    "        dict_methods.append(method)\n",
    "    \n",
    "pp.pprint(dict_methods)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "person = {\n",
    "  \"name\": \"tarou\",\n",
    "  \"age\": 18,\n",
    "  \"hoby\": [\"Basketball\", \"Music\", \"Dance\"]\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tarou\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(person[\"name\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys(['hoby', 'age', 'name'])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['hoby', 'age', 'name']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(person.keys())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_items([('hoby', ['Basketball', 'Music', 'Dance']), ('age', 18), ('name', 'tarou')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "person.items()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: hoby value: ['Basketball', 'Music', 'Dance']\n",
      "key: age value: 18\n",
      "key: name value: tarou\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k in person:\n",
    "    print(\"key: %s value: %s\" % (k, person[k]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "key: hoby value: ['Basketball', 'Music', 'Dance']\n",
      "key: age value: 18\n",
      "key: name value: tarou\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k in person.keys():\n",
    "    print(\"key: %s value: %s\" % (k, person[k]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### has_key [deprecated]\n",
    "\n",
    "Python3ではhas_keyがなくなってる。\n",
    "代わりに in を使う\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "# Python2\n",
    "person.has_key('name') # True\n",
    "\n",
    "# Python3\n",
    "'name' in person # True\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "[参考]http://sscrisk.hatenablog.com/entry/20100502/1272784776"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'name' in person\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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