On an Debian/Ubuntu-based system, to install texlive-full
without docs and language packs, simply do this:
sudo apt install `sudo apt --assume-no install texlive-full | \
awk '/The following additional packages will be installed/{f=1;next} /Suggested packages/{f=0} f' | \
tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vP 'doc$' | grep -vP 'texlive-lang' | grep -vP 'latex-cjk' | tr '\n' ' '`
After this, if you wish to install the language packs, selectively install them. E.g.: