Ali Hosseini smarteist

N2N H2H A2A!

Data transformation in networking involves different layers of addressing and encapsulation, from MAC addresses for local communication, to IP addresses for routing across networks, and IP addresses plus port numbers for application-level communication.

Each state provides a specific level of abstraction and functionality to ensure data reaches its intended destination. Each packet contains three important pieces of information, including the source and destination MAC addresses, the source and destination IP addresses, and the source and destination Port numbers.

Node to Node (MAC)

The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) in a device. When a packet is transmitted on a network, it is sent to the destination MAC address, which is determined using the ARP protocol. The MAC address is used to identify the specific device on the network that the packet is intended for.

In Linux, groups are a collection of users. They are used as a means to manage and control access to resources such as files and directories. By assigning appropriate permissions to groups rather than individual users, system administrators can more efficiently manage access rights.

find /path/to/base/dir -type d | xargs chmod 755
find /path/to/base/dir -type f | xargs chmod 644

or changing files with specific extention:

find /path/to/base/dir -iname "*.php" | xargs chmod 644

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <sys/syscall.h>

	// same as calling sbrk(0)
	void *get_brk (void)
	{
	return (void *) syscall (SYS_brk, 0);
	}

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <pthread.h>
	#include <semaphore.h>
	#include <unistd.h>

	typedef struct {
	sem_t wait_sem;
	sem_t signal_sem;
	int value;
	} cond_var_t;

	import math


	def cordic_ln(x):
	if x <= 0:
	raise ValueError("Input must be greater than 0")
	lut = [
	2.718281828459045,
	1.6487212707001282,
	1.2840254166877414,

	#!/usr/bin/env bash

	set -e # Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status

	# Configuration Variables
	CPU_CORES="2"
	RAM_SIZE="2G"
	DISK_SIZE="30G"
	USERNAME="vm"
	PASSWORD="111111"

	# -------------------
	# SYMFONY CONF
	# -------------------
	server {
	listen 443 ssl http2;
	listen 80;
	server_name domain.com www.domain.com;
	charset utf-8;
	root "/var/www/domain/public_html";
	gzip off;

	#!/bin/bash -i

	user="root"
	pass="@PASS@@@@"
	ip_address="111.111.11.11"
	ssh_port=22
	sudo_pass_file="/tmp/sshpass"
	proxy_port=1080

	#!/bin/bash

	# Define the list of URLs
	urls=(
	"https://example.com/file1.mkv"
	"https://example.com/file2.mp3"
	)

	# Resumable downloader function
	download_file() {