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Created July 8, 2021 23:04
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Notebook to demo Tweet counts v2 for building visualizations
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tweet_counts.ipynb
{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Building visualizations using Tweet counts\n",
"\n",
"In this workshop, we will learn how to build visualizations using the [Tweet counts](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/counts/introduction) functionality in the Twitter API v2\n",
"\n",
"Tweet counts gives you the volume of Tweets that matches a Twitter search query. In order to follow this tutorial, you need an approved developer account. Once you have a developer account, you will need a bearer token to connect to the Twitter API v2 to get the Tweet counts for a search term. [Follow these instructions](https://github.com/twitterdev/getting-started-with-the-twitter-api-v2-for-academic-research/blob/main/modules/4-getting-your-keys-and-token.md) for obtaining a bearer token.\n",
"\n",
"For this demo, we will be using the [Twarc](https://twarc-project.readthedocs.io/en/latest/twarc2/) library in Python to connect to the Twitter API v2 and the [plotly](https://plotly.com/python/) library for building visualizations.\n",
"\n",
"To install plotly, run the following in your terminal\n",
"\n",
"```bash\n",
"pip3 install plotly\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"To install twarc, run the following in your terminal\n",
"\n",
"```bash\n",
"pip3 install twarc\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"Once you have these libraries installed, import them. To display the JSON response from the Twitter API for Tweet counts, we will be using the json library."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"from twarc import Twarc2\n",
"import json"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Next, setup the Twarc client (that you will use to get Tweet counts from the Twitter API v2) with your bearer token"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Replace with your own bearer token\n",
"client = Twarc2(\n",
" bearer_token=\"\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Then, specify the query that you want Tweet counts for. Learn more about building queries [here](https://developer-staging.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/counts/integrate/build-a-query)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Replace the query below with your own query\n",
"query = \"#TwitterAPI\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Next, use the *counts_recent* method in twarc to get the Tweet counts for the search query for the last 7 days. The default aggregation of the data is at an hourly level. If you want data aggregated at day-level, specify that using the *granualrity* parameter"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"[\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-02T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-01T22:57:15.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 1\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-03T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-02T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 36\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-04T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-03T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 9\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-05T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-04T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 4\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-06T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-05T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 5\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-07T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-06T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 12\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-08T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-07T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 7\n",
" },\n",
" {\n",
" \"end\": \"2021-07-08T22:57:15.000Z\",\n",
" \"start\": \"2021-07-08T00:00:00.000Z\",\n",
" \"tweet_count\": 10\n",
" }\n",
"]\n"
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],
"source": [
"# Get the recent Tweet counts using Twarc for your query by day\n",
"search_results = client.counts_recent(query=query, granularity='day')\n",
"\n",
"for page in search_results:\n",
" # Get the data object from the Tweet counts response which contains the daily Tweet count\n",
" data = page['data']\n",
" break\n",
"\n",
"print(json.dumps(data, indent=2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To display the Tweet counts in a bar graph, we will get the *start* date in a list called day to display on the x-axis and the corresponding *tweet_counts* in a list called tweet_counts to display on the y-axis"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"day = []\n",
"tweet_counts = []\n",
"\n",
"for d in data:\n",
" # Add the start date to display on x-axis\n",
" day.append(d['start'][:10])\n",
" # Add the daily Tweet counts to display on the y-axis\n",
" tweet_counts.append(d['tweet_count'])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Next, we will create a Figure to display the bar chart (using the graph_objects in plotly)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Build a bar chart\n",
"fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Bar(x=day, y=tweet_counts)])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Then, we will add appropriate titles for the x and y axes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
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"source": [
"# Add the titles\n",
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" title_text='Tweets by day for {}'.format(query))"
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"**Note:** When running the code on your local machine (outside of this notebook), you will also have to run\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"fig.show()\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"to see the visualization, which will look like:\n",
"\n",
"![Bar Graph](https://twitter-api-sample-images.s3.amazonaws.com/bar-chart.png)\n",
"\n",
"In addition to bar charts, you can also build line charts etc. using Plotly. Try different queries to see the different results.\n",
"\n",
"Got feedback? Reach out on Twitter [@suhemparack](https://twitter.com/suhemparack)"
]
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