Tomislav Mikulin tmikulin

Creating a dynamic site-to-site VPN with OpenSwan on Ubuntu 10.04 on EC2

There are many tutorials floating around the web that almost get you a dynamic VPN in EC2. The goal of this tutorial is to be a one-stop-shop for this specific setup.

Latency numbers every programmer should know

L1 cache reference ......................... 0.5 ns
Branch mispredict ............................ 5 ns
L2 cache reference ........................... 7 ns
Mutex lock/unlock ........................... 25 ns
Main memory reference ...................... 100 ns             
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy ............. 3,000 ns  =   3 µs
Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network ....... 20,000 ns  =  20 µs
SSD random read ........................ 150,000 ns  = 150 µs

Read 1 MB sequentially from memory ..... 250,000 ns = 250 µs

	-- show running queries (pre 9.2)
	SELECT procpid, age(clock_timestamp(), query_start), usename, current_query
	FROM pg_stat_activity
	WHERE current_query != '<IDLE>' AND current_query NOT ILIKE '%pg_stat_activity%'
	ORDER BY query_start desc;

	-- show running queries (9.2)
	SELECT pid, age(clock_timestamp(), query_start), usename, query
	FROM pg_stat_activity
	WHERE query != '<IDLE>' AND query NOT ILIKE '%pg_stat_activity%'