Boot2docker
Install: http://boot2docker.io/
export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://:2375 
# Make a volume container (only need to do this once)
$ docker run -v /data --name my-data busybox true
# Share it using Samba (Windows file sharing)
$ docker run --rm -v /usr/local/bin/docker:/docker -v /var/run/docker.sock:/docker.sock svendowideit/samba my-data
# then find out the IP address of your Boot2Docker host
$ boot2docker ip
192.168.59.103

Connect to the shared folder using Finder (OS X):
Connect to cifs://192.168.59.103/data
Once mounted, will appear as /Volumes/data

Docker
docker pull debian:wheezy

Linux
docker run -it -v ~/code:/data -d debian:wheezy

Mac
docker run -it --volumes-from my-data -d debian:wheezy