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// I always forget this so saving it here; taken from:
// http://chris-said.io/2016/02/13/how-to-make-polished-jupyter-presentations-with-optional-code-visibility/

// This script hides the code and leaves a button to toggle it on/off:
<script>
  function code_toggle() {
    if (code_shown){
      $('div.input').hide('500');
      $('#toggleButton').val('Show Code')
    } else {

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import string
import random

def random_str(l=100):
    """Return a random string of length `l` to use as a temporary unique
    variable name or Pandas DataFrame column name."""
    s = random.choice(string.ascii_letters) # 1st letter = alpha so can be used as var name.
    return s+"".join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters+string.digits) for i in range(l-1))

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import datetime
import pytz
import dateutil
import os

def datetime_to_str(datetime_obj, date_format="%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S"):
    """Convert a `datetime.datetime` object to a string in the desired format.

    Reference for string formatting dates available here:
        http://strftime.org/

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def compound(initial, percent, years):
    if years>0:
        initial+=(initial*percent)
        years-=1
        return compound(initial, percent, years)
    else:
        return initial

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from datetime import datetime
import pytz

def debug_print(msg, timezone="US/Eastern"):
    """Print a time-stamped debug message."""
    UTC_now = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.utcnow())
    now = UTC_now.astimezone(pytz.timezone(timezone))
    now_date = now.strftime("%Y_%m_%d")
    now_time = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
    print("[{} @ {}] : {}".format(now_date, now_time, msg))

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# Global variable to determine whether or not to raise errors.
SUPPRESS_ERRORS = True 

def suppress_errors(func):
  """Decorator function to suppress errors."""
    if not SUPPRESS_ERRORS:
        return func
    def suppressed(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)

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import math 

def magnitude(x):
    """Get the order 10 magnitude of a float."""
    return int(math.log10(x))

def mpl_y_scale(datamin, datamax, desired_n_steps=5, minmax_buffer=True):
    """Determine nicely spaced, nearest-decimal-rounded y-ticks, and y-axis
    limits (with optional buffer) which centrally locate a line plot in a
    Matplotlib figure axis.

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import os, psutil

# Tool for tracking memory usage:
def usage():
    process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
    print(process.memory_info()[0] / float(2 ** 20))

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def str_search(*substrings: str, iterable, exact_match: bool = False) -> list:
    """Case-insensitive search of an iterable for substrings.

    Args:
        substrings (str): strings to search for in the iterable.
        iterable (list, tuple, etc): iterable containing string objects to be
            searched.
        exact_match (bool): if True only return a single value that exactly
            matches the substring supplied (therefore only works if 1 substring
            arg is supplied). Otherwise returns list of all partial matches.

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import traceback
import warnings
import sys


def warn_with_traceback(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=None):

    log = file if hasattr(file,'write') else sys.stderr
    traceback.print_stack(file=log)
    log.write(warnings.formatwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, line))