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February 20, 2017 18:05
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| "## The Rise of Islamic Terrorism!!!!! \n" | |
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| "" | |
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| "Terrorism, it is topic that, to our dismay, is very popular in conversations whether it be the news, at school or at the dinner table. Terrorism has plague the modern world as various groups rise up spread their message through violent actions resulting the deaths of thousands. What your about to visualize is my research on the Islamic terrorist attacks and the groups that execute them. In this research I plan to find out how much dangerous terrorism is and does it vary from place to place. I will also try to find the answer as to which country is suffering the most and who is truly responsible for atrocities in that country. Is there some sort of bias in the targets that they pick or are they eager to attack at any location they could possibly get? Comparing the differences in groups based on attack patterns and methods is also topic I want to explore with this dataset. That way, I can see if terrorist groups are adaptable to the opposition that they face. All of these question were engaged and reflected upon when I conduct my research and now I will show you my results. " | |
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| " First off, I should explain the different variables and factors that I included in my research from the data. The data that I used came from the University of Maryland’s Global Terrorism Database. The data consists of many variables. The most basic ones focus on date such as year (iyear), month (imonth) and day (iday). Each terrorist event is identified by the variable GTDID (eventid) and the dataset also includes the location where the event took place through the variables country (county_txt), region (region_txt) and city. The variable “gname” refers to the various terrorist groups that have been active. The variable “nkill” shows the numbers of deaths caused by the terrorist attacks. “nwound” stands for the total number of civilians wounded during these attacks. The variable “targsubtype1” represents the target categories that are in the data. The categories are: Business, Government (General), Police, Military, Airports & Aircraft, Government (Diplomatic), Educational Institution, Food and Water Supply, Journalists & Media,, Private Citizens & Property, Religious Figures/Institutions, Terrorist/ Non-State Militia, Unknown, Utilities, Violent Political Parties and Other. The “attacktype1” variable represents the attack methods that the terrorist use. They are categorized as either Assassination, Armed Assault, Bombing/Explosion, Hijacking, Hostage Taking (Barricade), Hostage Taking (Kidnapping), Facility/ Infrastructure Attack, Unarmed Assault and Unknown. All of these variables were used during my research to better understand the Islamic terrorist acts the have occurred in the Middle East as well as other countries. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481824380271' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 1 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='path' value='shared/R7M49QC9R' /> <param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481824380271'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1554px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='1329px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "To start off, I needed to study how serious terrorism was in other countries based on the death ratio and based on that, I have acquired interesting results. In this map above, I have displayed the total deaths in each country, within the dataset, that experienced a terrorist attack from the year 2007 to 2015. To get a more accurate comparison, I have also included a bar graph. As you can clearly see, the outlier is the country of Iraq. The country of Syria had the second largest number, but it was nowhere close to Iraq’s numbers. Over the past few years Iraq has had 16,696 deaths due to the attacks of terrorism with 18,916 additional people being wounded. That’s approximately 35,612 people that have suffered from terrorist attacks in Iraq alone. Now with such a high number, people would want to know how these terrorist groups are doing it and is there any reason why the government is failing to stop them. Well the next map below can explain that. In this map, you can see the events play out over time. They are color coded by the type weapons used to carry out the attack like firearms, explosives, incendiary and a few others. Take a look for yourself and see you notice any sort of patterns. " | |
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| "How did you do? Did you notice anything peculiar? Well one thing that stands outs is the amount of attacks in general that occurred over 8 to 9 years. The map starts off in 2007 where small numbers of attacks via firearms and explosives occurring in Iraq around the city of Baghdad. The rate of the attacks are very low and steady until the end of 2011 were for two years terrorist activity comes to an abrupt halt until mid-2013 where the number terrorist attacks explode all over the middle east as well as parts of Africa, Russia and in France. Now why did this happen? Well one guess is that the sharp decline in terrorist attacks was due to the death of terrorist leader Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011. I read an article titled “Destroying Al Qaeda” (Link:https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2011/11/01/10708/destroying-al-qaeda/) by Brian Katulis and Peter Juul and in it they stated that with Osama’s death, the deaths of all other al Qaeda figureheads soon followed. “Hardly a week goes by without some key figure in the Al Qaeda network and its affiliates being targeted in a range of actions, including drone strikes as well as other actions by U.S. intelligence and law enforcement agencies to prevent attacks and degrade the Al Qaeda network.”(Katulis). With the death of the leaders it is easy to see why the number of terrorist attacks took a huge hit. Like the map shows the numbers remained low until 2013. The methods of attacks didn’t really change much over the years. The most prominent method of attack was the use of explosives, bombs and dynamite. They were mostly used during the years 2013 -2015 are mainly concentrated in the Middle East especially in Iraq. Bombs weren’t the only things used. Firearms and Incendiary methods were used as well but they weren’t popular until the year 2014 and 2015.\n", | |
| "In the bar graph below I show the targets that the terrorist groups attacked and according to said graph the main targets were military personnel such as soldiers and military barracks as well. This shows that these terrorist groups were engaging in a war of some sort during these time. In fact around that time of the huge increase of attacks, many modern conflicts were occurring in the Middle East such as the Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War and the Bahraini uprising in 2011. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481857450439' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 1 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/NU/NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/NU/NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481857450439'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1054px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='329px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='529px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "Now that we have touch upon the broad scope of this topic, I would like to draw attention towards the main outlier of the countries in this data set which is Iraq. Clearly by now it is evident to say that Iraq has the most attacks occurring within its borders with no key sign of it slowing down. This map that I created below shows that the concentration of attacks occurring over time. Notice that I am only displaying incidents that occur in the county itself and not the surrounding areas. As you can see, the first string of attacks happens around the city of Al Hillah and Baghdad at a very low rate. However, just like what happened in the previous map, the attacks increase drastically. In this map I mainly wanted to focus on the directions in which the attacks occurred and accumulated over time. At first the map shows attacks occurring in several cities only the spread like a virus across the country of Iraq. The interesting part is that these attacks are channeling along the roads that connect these cities which resembles a war-like pattern in the country." | |
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| "execution_count": 38, | |
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| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/133a28ce-c243-11e6-8785-0ee66e2c9693/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
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| " With this map I also created a bar graph showing the places targeted in Iraq. The most common targets in Iraq were mainly private citizens and property (basically regular people) numbering to a total of 13,608 attacks. This is different from the previous bar graph that I had shown which had military personnel as the top target worldwide. ON this graph military came in as the 2nd highest with 2,140 attacks against it. So with this data, I created a hypothesis which states that these attacks had to be caused by a single terrorist group and not a combination of different groups attacking. This bring me to my next part of my research. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481826672385' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 2 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481826672385'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1054px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "In this map I again display the attacks conducted in the world, but this time I have based this map on the groups that claim responsibility of these acts. According to this map the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) began their terrorist attacks around early to mid-2013 and since then have conducted numerous terrorist attacks in the countries of Iraq, Syria (Syrian-Turkish Border and Syrian-Israeli Border), Turkey and parts of Egypt and Tunisia. In total their attack number is about 2.8 thousand. The terrorist group known as the Sinai Province of the Islamic State have conducted their attacks in Egypt near the city of Arish along the Mediterranean Sea as well as in Cairo. ISI has been operating for the longest and has conducted attacks only bin the country of Iraq mainly in the city of Baghdad. Their total number of attacks are 144. The Tripoli Province of the Islamic State has conduct about 144 attacks as well and are located in the country of Libya with the main operating cities being Tripoli and Sirte. The Barqa Province of the Islamic State are also located in Libya and have conducted a total of 85 terrorist attacks mostly in Benghazi. These groups are the top five terrorist groups in regards to the amount of attacks they have conducted. However the two that I mainly focused on were ISIL and ISI. The reason was because these two groups were the most prominent in the country of Iraq which had the most deaths in its area when compared to the other counties. " | |
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| "When analyzing the two groups we can see that ISI was the only group operating in Iraq from the year 2007 to mid-2011. After that, ISIL completely took over and launched numerous assaults within the country. For a more accurate comparison between the two groups, I have created line graphs to show the changes in attack numbers. According to this graph the group ISI hit its peak in month of February 2010 with 16 attacks only to have steadily decline afterwards. Around the time of ISI’s removal, ISIL started it string of attacks in April 2013 and has increased its attacks while at the same time facing sharp dips in numbers over the years mainly due to interference form international law enforcement. It peak in the month of September with 153 attacks currently it is making a steady decline, but it looks like their numbers are still strong. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481831115147' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 3 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481831115147'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1154px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "So overall, ISIL is leading the number of attacks. When comparing the targets that they go for there is a noticeable difference. While ISI tended to target non-state militia (1,034 attacks) and places of worship (1,032 attacks), ISIL mainly targeted unnamed civilians (26,063 attacks) and villages/cities (16,575 attacks). This delivered a better understanding of the group motives and goals. ISIL mainly wanted to target a lot of civilians to subjugate them and deliver a more militaristic message, without facing much opposition while ISI had to focus their attention on military and deliver a more religious extremist message. After looking at the results we can see that ISIL is far more aggressive and ruthless than ISI mainly because this group specifically targets civilians to attack. ISIL does this because ISIL also attack areas that ISI didn’t such as Oil facilities, Journalism buildings and even schools. In essence ISIL had no discrimination in choosing their targets. ISI when compared to ISIL seemed more peaceful however you can easily say that this group could have done more if they were not face much opposition. We must not forget that during their time the world governments (mainly the United States) were at war with terrorism and did everything in their power to put a stop to it. This ultimately led to Osama bun Laden’s death.  After creating pie charts to study the attack methods of each group,I found that both groups mainly use explosives to attack however ISI conducted bombing more than ISIL. Bombings made up 69.01% of ISI’s attacks while 51.51% of ISIL’s attack were bombings. Given the fact that ISI had to conduct attacks targeting military personnel it explains why ISI leads in the amount of armed assaults conducts making up 10.17% of attacks compared to ISIL’s 4.58%. A good portion of ISIL’s attacks are kidnappings (18.85%) which is something I found interesting considering the fact that we have seen many public executions being displayed by these people. Another peculiar result that I discovered was the 21.29% of ISIL’s attacks were unknown which makes me question what other types of attacks they conduct. " | |
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| "Though their differences are strong there are some similarities between the groups. Graeme Baker author of the article “ISIL: Rising power in Iraq and Syria” stated that in 2012 “…a merger between ISI and the Nusra Front, another al-Qaeda-inspired group led by a former lieutenant to Baghdadi, to form the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.(Link:http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/isil-eminent-threat-iraq-syria-20146101543970327.html) This means that ISIL isn’t just a completely different group but a sort of evolution of terrorism. After researching these groups I can safely say that ISIL was the group that was responsible for most of the attacks in Iraq and is a group that has aims of a more militaristic conquests thus making my hypothesis correct. The attacks that they conduct spread in the direction that their regime travel as they capture a lot of territory." | |
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| "## The Rise of Islamic Terrorism!!!!! \n" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| "" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
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| "Terrorism, it is topic that, to our dismay, is very popular in conversations whether it be the news, at school or at the dinner table. Terrorism has plague the modern world as various groups rise up spread their message through violent actions resulting the deaths of thousands. What your about to visualize is my research on the Islamic terrorist attacks and the groups that execute them. In this research I plan to find out how much dangerous terrorism is and does it vary from place to place. I will also try to find the answer as to which country is suffering the most and who is truly responsible for atrocities in that country. Is there some sort of bias in the targets that they pick or are they eager to attack at any location they could possibly get? Comparing the differences in groups based on attack patterns and methods is also topic I want to explore with this dataset. That way, I can see if terrorist groups are adaptable to the opposition that they face. All of these question were engaged and reflected upon when I conduct my research and now I will show you my results. " | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| " First off, I should explain the different variables and factors that I included in my research from the data. The data that I used came from the University of Maryland’s Global Terrorism Database. The data consists of many variables. The most basic ones focus on date such as year (iyear), month (imonth) and day (iday). Each terrorist event is identified by the variable GTDID (eventid) and the dataset also includes the location where the event took place through the variables country (county_txt), region (region_txt) and city. The variable “gname” refers to the various terrorist groups that have been active. The variable “nkill” shows the numbers of deaths caused by the terrorist attacks. “nwound” stands for the total number of civilians wounded during these attacks. The variable “targsubtype1” represents the target categories that are in the data. The categories are: Business, Government (General), Police, Military, Airports & Aircraft, Government (Diplomatic), Educational Institution, Food and Water Supply, Journalists & Media,, Private Citizens & Property, Religious Figures/Institutions, Terrorist/ Non-State Militia, Unknown, Utilities, Violent Political Parties and Other. The “attacktype1” variable represents the attack methods that the terrorist use. They are categorized as either Assassination, Armed Assault, Bombing/Explosion, Hijacking, Hostage Taking (Barricade), Hostage Taking (Kidnapping), Facility/ Infrastructure Attack, Unarmed Assault and Unknown. All of these variables were used during my research to better understand the Islamic terrorist acts the have occurred in the Middle East as well as other countries. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481824380271' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 1 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='path' value='shared/R7M49QC9R' /> <param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481824380271'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1554px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='1329px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481824380271' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 1 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='path' value='shared/R7M49QC9R' /> <param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/R7/R7M49QC9R/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481824380271'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1554px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='1329px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "To start off, I needed to study how serious terrorism was in other countries based on the death ratio and based on that, I have acquired interesting results. In this map above, I have displayed the total deaths in each country, within the dataset, that experienced a terrorist attack from the year 2007 to 2015. To get a more accurate comparison, I have also included a bar graph. As you can clearly see, the outlier is the country of Iraq. The country of Syria had the second largest number, but it was nowhere close to Iraq’s numbers. Over the past few years Iraq has had 16,696 deaths due to the attacks of terrorism with 18,916 additional people being wounded. That’s approximately 35,612 people that have suffered from terrorist attacks in Iraq alone. Now with such a high number, people would want to know how these terrorist groups are doing it and is there any reason why the government is failing to stop them. Well the next map below can explain that. In this map, you can see the events play out over time. They are color coded by the type weapons used to carry out the attack like firearms, explosives, incendiary and a few others. Take a look for yourself and see you notice any sort of patterns. " | |
| ] | |
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| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/718fe2f8-c26e-11e6-86ab-0ee66e2c9693/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
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| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/718fe2f8-c26e-11e6-86ab-0ee66e2c9693/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
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| "How did you do? Did you notice anything peculiar? Well one thing that stands outs is the amount of attacks in general that occurred over 8 to 9 years. The map starts off in 2007 where small numbers of attacks via firearms and explosives occurring in Iraq around the city of Baghdad. The rate of the attacks are very low and steady until the end of 2011 were for two years terrorist activity comes to an abrupt halt until mid-2013 where the number terrorist attacks explode all over the middle east as well as parts of Africa, Russia and in France. Now why did this happen? Well one guess is that the sharp decline in terrorist attacks was due to the death of terrorist leader Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011. I read an article titled “Destroying Al Qaeda” (Link:https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2011/11/01/10708/destroying-al-qaeda/) by Brian Katulis and Peter Juul and in it they stated that with Osama’s death, the deaths of all other al Qaeda figureheads soon followed. “Hardly a week goes by without some key figure in the Al Qaeda network and its affiliates being targeted in a range of actions, including drone strikes as well as other actions by U.S. intelligence and law enforcement agencies to prevent attacks and degrade the Al Qaeda network.”(Katulis). With the death of the leaders it is easy to see why the number of terrorist attacks took a huge hit. Like the map shows the numbers remained low until 2013. The methods of attacks didn’t really change much over the years. The most prominent method of attack was the use of explosives, bombs and dynamite. They were mostly used during the years 2013 -2015 are mainly concentrated in the Middle East especially in Iraq. Bombs weren’t the only things used. Firearms and Incendiary methods were used as well but they weren’t popular until the year 2014 and 2015.\n", | |
| "In the bar graph below I show the targets that the terrorist groups attacked and according to said graph the main targets were military personnel such as soldiers and military barracks as well. This shows that these terrorist groups were engaging in a war of some sort during these time. In fact around that time of the huge increase of attacks, many modern conflicts were occurring in the Middle East such as the Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War and the Bahraini uprising in 2011. " | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481857450439' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 1 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/NU/NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/NU/NUmberofDeathsatTargets/Dashboard1/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481857450439'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1054px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='329px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='529px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "Now that we have touch upon the broad scope of this topic, I would like to draw attention towards the main outlier of the countries in this data set which is Iraq. Clearly by now it is evident to say that Iraq has the most attacks occurring within its borders with no key sign of it slowing down. This map that I created below shows that the concentration of attacks occurring over time. Notice that I am only displaying incidents that occur in the county itself and not the surrounding areas. As you can see, the first string of attacks happens around the city of Al Hillah and Baghdad at a very low rate. However, just like what happened in the previous map, the attacks increase drastically. In this map I mainly wanted to focus on the directions in which the attacks occurred and accumulated over time. At first the map shows attacks occurring in several cities only the spread like a virus across the country of Iraq. The interesting part is that these attacks are channeling along the roads that connect these cities which resembles a war-like pattern in the country." | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 38, | |
| "metadata": { | |
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| "\n", | |
| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/133a28ce-c243-11e6-8785-0ee66e2c9693/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
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| "output_type": "display_data" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "%%html\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/133a28ce-c243-11e6-8785-0ee66e2c9693/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
| ] | |
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| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "source": [ | |
| " With this map I also created a bar graph showing the places targeted in Iraq. The most common targets in Iraq were mainly private citizens and property (basically regular people) numbering to a total of 13,608 attacks. This is different from the previous bar graph that I had shown which had military personnel as the top target worldwide. ON this graph military came in as the 2nd highest with 2,140 attacks against it. So with this data, I created a hypothesis which states that these attacks had to be caused by a single terrorist group and not a combination of different groups attacking. This bring me to my next part of my research. " | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 19, | |
| "metadata": { | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481826672385' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 2 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481826672385'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1054px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "%%html\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481826672385' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 2 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard2/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481826672385'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1054px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
| ] | |
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| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
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| "In this map I again display the attacks conducted in the world, but this time I have based this map on the groups that claim responsibility of these acts. According to this map the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) began their terrorist attacks around early to mid-2013 and since then have conducted numerous terrorist attacks in the countries of Iraq, Syria (Syrian-Turkish Border and Syrian-Israeli Border), Turkey and parts of Egypt and Tunisia. In total their attack number is about 2.8 thousand. The terrorist group known as the Sinai Province of the Islamic State have conducted their attacks in Egypt near the city of Arish along the Mediterranean Sea as well as in Cairo. ISI has been operating for the longest and has conducted attacks only bin the country of Iraq mainly in the city of Baghdad. Their total number of attacks are 144. The Tripoli Province of the Islamic State has conduct about 144 attacks as well and are located in the country of Libya with the main operating cities being Tripoli and Sirte. The Barqa Province of the Islamic State are also located in Libya and have conducted a total of 85 terrorist attacks mostly in Benghazi. These groups are the top five terrorist groups in regards to the amount of attacks they have conducted. However the two that I mainly focused on were ISIL and ISI. The reason was because these two groups were the most prominent in the country of Iraq which had the most deaths in its area when compared to the other counties. " | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 20, | |
| "metadata": { | |
| "collapsed": false, | |
| "scrolled": true | |
| }, | |
| "outputs": [ | |
| { | |
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| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/b2493f56-c269-11e6-8c43-0ecd1babdde5/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>" | |
| ], | |
| "text/plain": [ | |
| "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>" | |
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| }, | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
| "output_type": "display_data" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "%%html\n", | |
| "<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://jennmicah299.carto.com/builder/b2493f56-c269-11e6-8c43-0ecd1babdde5/embed\" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe>\n" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | |
| "metadata": {}, | |
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| "When analyzing the two groups we can see that ISI was the only group operating in Iraq from the year 2007 to mid-2011. After that, ISIL completely took over and launched numerous assaults within the country. For a more accurate comparison between the two groups, I have created line graphs to show the changes in attack numbers. According to this graph the group ISI hit its peak in month of February 2010 with 16 attacks only to have steadily decline afterwards. Around the time of ISI’s removal, ISIL started it string of attacks in April 2013 and has increased its attacks while at the same time facing sharp dips in numbers over the years mainly due to interference form international law enforcement. It peak in the month of September with 153 attacks currently it is making a steady decline, but it looks like their numbers are still strong. " | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 32, | |
| "metadata": { | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481831115147' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 3 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481831115147'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1154px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| } | |
| ], | |
| "source": [ | |
| "%%html\n", | |
| "\n", | |
| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481831115147' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Dashboard 3 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard3/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481831115147'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1154px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='929px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "So overall, ISIL is leading the number of attacks. When comparing the targets that they go for there is a noticeable difference. While ISI tended to target non-state militia (1,034 attacks) and places of worship (1,032 attacks), ISIL mainly targeted unnamed civilians (26,063 attacks) and villages/cities (16,575 attacks). This delivered a better understanding of the group motives and goals. ISIL mainly wanted to target a lot of civilians to subjugate them and deliver a more militaristic message, without facing much opposition while ISI had to focus their attention on military and deliver a more religious extremist message. After looking at the results we can see that ISIL is far more aggressive and ruthless than ISI mainly because this group specifically targets civilians to attack. ISIL does this because ISIL also attack areas that ISI didn’t such as Oil facilities, Journalism buildings and even schools. In essence ISIL had no discrimination in choosing their targets. ISI when compared to ISIL seemed more peaceful however you can easily say that this group could have done more if they were not face much opposition. We must not forget that during their time the world governments (mainly the United States) were at war with terrorism and did everything in their power to put a stop to it. This ultimately led to Osama bun Laden’s death.  After creating pie charts to study the attack methods of each group,I found that both groups mainly use explosives to attack however ISI conducted bombing more than ISIL. Bombings made up 69.01% of ISI’s attacks while 51.51% of ISIL’s attack were bombings. Given the fact that ISI had to conduct attacks targeting military personnel it explains why ISI leads in the amount of armed assaults conducts making up 10.17% of attacks compared to ISIL’s 4.58%. A good portion of ISIL’s attacks are kidnappings (18.85%) which is something I found interesting considering the fact that we have seen many public executions being displayed by these people. Another peculiar result that I discovered was the 21.29% of ISIL’s attacks were unknown which makes me question what other types of attacks they conduct. " | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "cell_type": "code", | |
| "execution_count": 30, | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481830967506' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 4 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481830967506'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1954px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='1329px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "%%html\n", | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481830967506' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 4 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard4/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481830967506'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1954px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='629px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='1329px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481830148522' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 5 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481830148522'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1354px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='229px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='429px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "%%html\n", | |
| "<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1481830148522' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href=''><img alt='Dashboard 5 ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript><object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' /> <param name='site_root' value='' /><param name='name' value='TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5' /><param name='tabs' value='no' /><param name='toolbar' value='yes' /><param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Ta/TargetsinIraq/Dashboard5/1.png' /> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' /><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' /><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' /><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' /><param name='display_count' value='yes' /></object></div> <script type='text/javascript'> var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1481830148522'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; vizElement.style.minWidth='424px';vizElement.style.maxWidth='1354px';vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.minHeight='229px';vizElement.style.maxHeight='429px';vizElement.style.height=(divElement.offsetWidth*0.75)+'px'; var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); </script>" | |
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| "Though their differences are strong there are some similarities between the groups. Graeme Baker author of the article “ISIL: Rising power in Iraq and Syria” stated that in 2012 “…a merger between ISI and the Nusra Front, another al-Qaeda-inspired group led by a former lieutenant to Baghdadi, to form the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.(Link:http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/isil-eminent-threat-iraq-syria-20146101543970327.html) This means that ISIL isn’t just a completely different group but a sort of evolution of terrorism. After researching these groups I can safely say that ISIL was the group that was responsible for most of the attacks in Iraq and is a group that has aims of a more militaristic conquests thus making my hypothesis correct. The attacks that they conduct spread in the direction that their regime travel as they capture a lot of territory." | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
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| } |
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